Reverse osmosis (RO). has become a standard unit operation in Chemical Engineering. This separation process can be used for a wide variety of applications including: desalination of sea water, treatment of industrial wastes, concentration of food products, and recovery of value materials from solution mixtures. In order to best utilize RO it is necessary to have a fundamental understanding of t...

Blend reverse osmosis membranes were fabricated using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with cellulose acetate (CA) as polymer blends. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were used as solvents. The membrane polymer solution was cast on a coated woven fabric support material. The prepared membranes have been characterized by SEM and mechanical properties. SEM r...

The application of membrane technology in water and wastewater treatment is increasing due to stringent water quality standards. Nanofiltration (NF) is one of the widely used membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment in addition to other applications such as desalination. NF has replaced reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in many applications due to lower energy consumption and higher f...

Background & objectives: Nowadays, according to membrane-based filtration processes; the use of substances such as antiscalants that prevents the formation of deposits during the treatment process, is very important from industrial point of view. This study aimed to synthesize styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (PSMA) using the radical polymerization method and to investigate the factors and pa...

Two major reverse osmosis seawater desalination plants are planned for construction in Spencer Gulf and Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia. A state-of-the-art and carefully calibrated hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) is employed to predict the fate of desalination brine in these sheltered inverse estuaries. In this study, we assume that the brine discharged has a salinity being twice that of ambien...

Seawater contains a number of organic and inorganic components that cause fouling of membranes when subjected to a process of reverse osmosis desalination. This fouling is one of the most important problems in the management of desalination plants, as it entails a significant loss in system performance. For membranes to be able to continue operating under appropriate conditions, they must under...

The clean water and energy are both the most important needs of mankind. increasing population necessity to meet need for freshwater requirements make desalination process a popular topic. reverse osmosis is one technique desalination. main advantages over other techniques lower consumption robustness salinity feedwater. ambient conditions key parameters affecting efficiency process. On hand, d...

Increasing global demand for fresh water is driving the development and implementation of a wide variety of seawater desalination technologies. Entropy generation analysis, and specifically, Second Law efficiency, is an important tool for illustrating the influence of irreversibilities within a system on the required energy input. When defining Second Law efficiency, the useful exergy output of...