We put forward a hybrid coding method of multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) states based on the inherent orthogonality. Theoretical analysis shows this new coding method can tremendously improve the coding efficiency compared to the conventional way, and the OAM mode can be extended to all the transverse orthographic modes such as Bessel beams or Laguerre-Gauss modes. We also present a typ...

In the present paper, photoconductive and dielectric dependence oscillation characteristics of a single photorefractive ring resonator have been studied for the case of non-degenerate two-wave mixing in photorefractive materials by employing the plane-wave approximation method. The influence of photoconductivity and dielectric constant of photorefractive materials on frequency of oscillation an...

This is a continuation of our previous work [Opt. Express 16, 9155 (2008)]. In this paper we investigate the effect of nonuniform pumping on the modal properties of surface-emitting chirped circular grating lasers. By numerically solving the coupled-mode equations and matching the boundaries we compare and discuss the threshold pump levels and frequency detuning factors for three pumping profil...

Abstract This paper presents wideband split-ring antenna arrays based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) for Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz) applications. The array is fed by a 2.92 mm coaxial connector (K-connector) and the power equally distributed to each resonator. designed coplanar (CPW), SIW, CPW-to-SIW transition, coaxial-to-CPW two-stage SIW divider are described in detail. By using thin Rog...

In parallel to a stand-alone microsphere resonator and a planar ring resonator on a wafer, the liquid core optical ring resonator (LCORR) is regarded as the third type of ring resonator that integrates microfluidics with state-of-the-art photonics. The LCORR employs a micro-sized glass capillary with a wall thickness of a few microns. The circular cross section of the capillary forms a ring res...