The demand of data from surveys, registers or other data sets containing sensible information on people or enterprises have been increased significantly over the last years. However, before providing data to the public or to researchers, confidentiality has to be respected for any data set containing sensible individual information. Confidentiality can be achieved by applying statistical disclo...

the asian financial crisis in 1997 has awakened the regulators and corporates on the importance of corporate governance. according to agency theory, a good corporate governance system is necessary for more transparent information disclosure about the corporation. accordingly, the objective of this study is evaluating the level of disclosure in banks and examine the relationship between some fea...

SYNOPSIS: This study examines whether financial analysts and institutional investors play a disciplinary role in monitoring corporate financial reporting and disclosure. Using a sample of firms that meet or marginally beat analysts’ forecasts, likely through upward earnings management and downward expectations management, this study shows that managers’ use of the two tactics is associated with...

Disclosure theory argues that better information quality reduces audit risk, by decreasing information asymmetry in the market and consequently, information risk for firms. Extant literature on voluntary disclosure analyzes the relationships between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and audit risk, finding that auditors charge lower fees and issue less going concern opinions to firms with g...

I investigate when and how principals can use external experts to monitor agents when agents control information necessary for monitoring. In particular, I provide a theoretical model to examine in what circumstances external experts can assist boards of directors in discharging their management oversight and investment approval duties. Management controls relevant information about an investme...