The fine lunar surface material at the Surveyor 3 landing site has about 3 X 108-dyne/cm 2 cohesion, 35 ø angle of internal friction, 3 X 105-dyne/cm ' static bearing capacity. A small rock withstood a local pressure of 2 X 107 dynes/cm -ø. Soil strength and density increase significantly at depths of a few centimeters. Exposed surface has a considerably higher albedo than the material just bel...

Data on discontinuities are always necessary for design, characterization and analysis of rock structures. The time honored method of manual measurements with Brunton compass is both time consuming and often inconvenient given issues such as restricted access to measurement areas, introduction of erroneous data due to sampling difficulties and human bias, considerable safety risks since measure...

Transient ow analyses have numerous geophysical and geotechnical applications and they are necessary for the understanding and development of laboratory measurement techniques in rock and soil mechanics, particularly in the determination of the permeability of substances. In this paper, we formulate a Genetic Algorithm inversion technique for the retrieval of homogeneous or spacewise dependent ...

The study of uranium-series (U-series) isotopes in soil and sediment materials has been proposed to quantify rates and timescales of soil production and sediment transport. Previous works have studied bulk soil or sediment material, which is a complex assemblage of primary and secondary minerals and organic compounds. However, the approach relies on the fractionation between U-series isotopes i...

the research layout of surveying sonqor’s caves and rock shelters has been presented according to the region’s importance in archeological studies, lack of documented data, and necessity of registering most monuments which have been less considered as a result of uneasy access. the need of this project is characterized with regard to former surveys which just considered registering the region’s...

Norman Wagner(1), Alexander Scheuermann(2,3), Moritz Schwing(2), Frank Bonitz(1), Klaus Kupfer(1) (1) Institute of Material Research and Testing at the Bauhaus-University Weimar Coudraystr. 4, 99423 Weimar, Germany, Email: [email protected] (2) The Golder Geomechanics Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (3) Institute for Soil Mechanics and Rock Mechanics, University of Kar...

Plain concrete structures such as dams or retaining walls, as well as rock structures such as tunnels, caverns, excavations, and rock slopes, have commonly been designed by elastic-perfectly plastic analysis in which the tensile yield strength of the material is taken as zero. The paper analyzes the safety of this "notension" design in the light of the finiteness of the tensile strength of conc...

Rock rigidity may be experienced in a wide range depending on several factors, and different methods can be used to consider their load-deformation behaviors. In this context, dilatometer tests (DTs) can be applied to obtain the modulus of elasticity of rock masses; therefore, it is possible to evaluate in-situ stress-strain behavior of rock masses realistically. Nevertheless, the application o...

The Brazilian phosphate fertilizer is obtained by wet reaction of igneous phosphate rock with concentrated sulphuric acid, giving as final product, phosphoric acid and dehydrated calcium sulphate (phosphogypsum) as by-products. Phosphoric acid is the starting material for triple superphosphate (TSP), single superphosphate (SSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). The p...