The present investigation highlights the feasibility of a polymer grafting process to enhance the durability and flame retardancy of rice straw towards application as a low cost roofing material. The success of this grafting methodology was perceived to depend upon a bi-step pre-treatment process encompassing delignification and inorganic salts dispersion. Subsequently free radical polymer graf...

Copper is used as an antimicrobial agent in building materials such as algae-resistant roofing shingles and treated wood products for decks, fences, and utility poles used in urbanized areas. Releases from these materials may pose risks to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Copper exposures in surface water, sediment, and soil were estimated for a hypothetical urban setting using the TREX water...

A plethora of materials is available to the modern day house designer but selecting the appropriate material is a complex task. It requires synthesising a multitude of performance criteria such as initial cost, maintenance cost, thermal performance and sustainability among others. This research aims to develop a Knowledge-based Decision support System for Material Selection (KDSMS) that facilit...

This study aims at comparing the capability of different sensors to detect land cover materials within an historical urban center. The main objective is to evaluate the added value of hyperspectral sensors in mapping a complex urban context. In this study we used: (a) the ALI and Hyperion satellite data, (b) the LANDSAT ETM+ satellite data, (c) MIVIS airborne data and (d) the high spatial resol...

We report a patient with calf pain induced by sport and exercise, initially thought to represent compartment syndrome, in whom MRI and duplex ultrasound ultimately revealed cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery. Surgical de-roofing of the popliteal artery resulted in complete resolution of symptoms with return to sporting activities.

In many buildings, the roof is a major element that gives building its distinctive profile .The main purpose of to protect or house in all types weather with minimum maintenance .a must be strong stand snow and wind loads. Another consideration appearance should add attractiveness styles are used create different architectural effects. This paper reports study on flat systems include layers str...

The availability of multispectral images, with both high spatial and spectral resolution, makes it possible to obtain valuable information about complex urban environment, reducing the need for more expensive surveying techniques. Here, a methodology is tested semi-automatic extraction buildings mapping main roofing materials over area approximately 100 km2, including entire city Bologna (Italy...

Daytime radiative cooling has attracted extensive research interest due to its potential impact for energy sustainability. To achieve subambient during the daytime, a white surface that strongly scatters incident solar light is normally desired. However, in many practical applications (e.g., roofing materials and car coatings), colored surfaces are more popular. Because of this, there strong de...

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have been the source of domestic water for many years and still becoming essential in communities developing countries. However, due to various reasons, there are several sources contamination rainwater cistern systems. Dissolved chemicals from roofing, storage, conveyance materials, together with suspended particulate matter airborne, examples contamination. ...