BACKGROUND Traditional radiography is limited in its ability to give reliable information on the number and morphology of root canals. The application of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides a non-invasive three-dimensional confirmatory diagnosis as a complement to conventional radiography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root and canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a...

Introduction: Root canal cleaning is the main objective of endodontic treatment and requires knowledge internal anatomy. The premolars are evidenced in literature with great anatomical variations. In view this, studies indicate that use Cone Beam Computed Tomography helps visualization highly complex Objective: to describe variations maxillary mandibular using cone beam computed tomography a ra...

the presence of supernumerary teeth is not uncommon in the general population. they occur more frequently in patients with a family history of such teeth. it is rare to find multiple supernumeraries in individuals with no other associated disease or syndrome. there have been very few documented cases of bilateral maxillary and mandibular supernumeraries in the premolar region. an unusual case o...

For a rooted graph G, let EVb(G; p) be the expected number of vertices reachable from the root when each edge has an independent probability p of operating successfully. We determine the expected value of EVb(G; p) for random trees, and include a connection to unrooted trees. We also consider rooted digraphs, computing the expected value of a random orientation of a rooted graph G in terms of E...

For a rooted graph G, let EV (G; p) be the expected number of vertices reachable from the root when each edge has an independent probability p of operating successfully. We examine combinatorial properties of this polynomial, proving that G is k-edge connected iff EV ′(G; 1) = · · · = EV k−1(G; 1) = 0. We find bounds on the first and second derivatives of EV (G; p); applications yield character...

The long-term success of root canal treatment requires the prevention bacterial leakage between walls and obturation. In this study, we compared Enterococcus faecalis in thirty single-rooted mandibular premolars divided into three groups. roots two experimental groups were obturated using a single-cone obturation technique with different bio-ceramic sealers (MTA Fillapex CeraSeal) while convent...

Introduction. Endodontically treated teeth are usually weaker due to the loss of tooth structure. As most crown is destroyed, common retention for restoration application a fiber-reinforced composite posts in root canal. In endodontically teeth, there two main problems restorative procedure: reduced resistance remaining structure and choosing necessary adequate restoration. The aim this work wa...

INTRODUCTION The proximity of the roots of the posterior maxillary teeth to the maxillary sinus is a constant challenge to the dental practitioner. Because the majority of studies have assessed the relationship regarding molars, the present study focused on premolars. METHODS Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 192 patients were reconstructed in sagittal, coronal, and axial planes to qua...