The tripartite complex AcrAB-TolC is the major efflux system in Escherichia coli. It extrudes a wide spectrum of noxious compounds out of the bacterium, including many antibiotics. Its active part, the homotrimeric transporter AcrB, is responsible for the selective binding of substrates and energy transduction. Based on available crystal structures and biochemical data, the transport of substra...

This paper proposes a new short-circuit protection method for an IGBT. The proposed method is characterized by detecting not only gate charge but also gate voltage of the IGBT. This results in a shorter protection time, compared to the previous method that detects only the gate charge. A real-time monitoring system using an FPGA, A/D converters, and a D/A converter is used for the proposed prot...

Abstract Consider two points $P$ P and $Q$ Q on a surface. Modulo rotations about the normal vector to surface at , rotation can be defined that maps unit corresponding . With help of Weingarten’s formulae, new representations are established for components curvature tensor associated mean Ga...

The dynamics and stability of the resistive wall mode (RWM) are investigated in the JT-60U high-β plasmas, and the sustainment of high-β plasmas above the ideal no-wall β-limit βno-wall N has been demonstrated using a plasma rotation. To suppress an n = 1 RWM that limits the achievable βN in the regime βN > βno-wall N , the plasma rotation is kept larger than the critical rotation. Therefore, w...

Reasonable point set selection is of paramount importance to the accuracy of highdimensional integrals that will be encountered in various disciplines. In the present paper, to improve the point selection and to overcome the computational complexity of evaluating classical discrepancies, the concept of extended F-discrepancy (EF-discrepancy) and generalized F-discrepancy (GF-discrepancy) of a p...

This paper is devoted to the proof of existence q-periodic alternating projections prime knots. The main tool Menasco-Thistlethwaite's Flyping Theorem. Let K be an oriented knot that with q≥3, i.e. admits a rotation order q as symmetry. Then has projection Π(K) such rotational symmetry visualized sphere leaving invariant. As application, we obtain crossing number q≥3 multiple q. Furthermore giv...

We revisit the problem of heavy particles suspended in homogeneous box turbulence flow subjected to rotation along vertical axis, which introduces anisotropy and horizontal planes. investigate effects emergent structures due rotation, on spatial distribution temporal statistics particles. The are studied using joint probability function (JPDFs) second third principle invariants velocity gradien...

Let S be a compact, oriented surface with negative Euler characteristic and let f : S → S be a homeomorphism isotopic to the identity. If there exists a periodic orbit with a non-zero rotation vector (~ p, q), then there exists a simple braid with the same rotation vector.

Molecular motors involved in the packaging of DNA in tailed viruses are among the strongest known. The mechanism by which the motors operate has long been speculated to involve a coupling between rotation of the portal pore (the gate through which DNA passes upon its packaging or ejection), and translation of DNA. Recent experimental evidence rules out portal rotation with a substantial degree ...

Let Aθ be the rotation C*-algebra for angle θ. For θ = p/q with p and q relatively prime, Aθ is the sub-C*-algebra of Mq(C(T )) generated by a pair of unitaries u and v satisfying uv = e2πiθvu. Let hθ,λ = u+u +λ/2(v+ v) be the almost Mathieu operator. By proving an identity of rational functions we show that for q even, the constant term in the characteristic polynomial of hθ,λ is (−1) q/2(1 + ...