Fracture surface topography exhibits long-range spatial correlations resulting in a heterogeneous aperture field. This leads to the formation, within fracture planes, of preferential flow channels controlling and transport processes. By means 3-D heat model coupled with 2-D based on lubrification approximation (i.e., local cubic law), we investigate how statistical parameters determining variat...

INTRODUCTION Capsular contracture formation is a common complication following breast augmentation surgery. Breast implant shells have either a smooth or a textured surface. Smooth surfaces demonstrate a higher incidence of contracture formation. The 3-dimensional surface of textured implants is thought to disrupt contractile forces and reduce capsular contracture rates. AIM To investigate th...

We compared the time courses of lung mechanical changes with intravenous (iv) injection vs. aerosol administration of histamine, methacholine, and ACh in dogs. We interpret these results in terms of a spring-and-dashpot model of airway smooth muscle receiving activation via a tissue compartment when agonist is delivered by the iv route and through an additional airway wall compartment when it i...

OBJECTIVE To compare in vivo orthodontic mini-implants (MI) of smooth (machined) and rough (acid etched) surfaces, assessing primary and secondary stability. METHODS Thirty-six (36) MI were inserted in the mandibles of six (6) dogs. Each animal received six (6) MI. In the right hemiarch, three (3) MI without surface treatment (smooth) were inserted, whereas in the left hemiarch, another three...

Free-surface flows through a staggered cylinder array were investigated in an open-channel flume. The cylinders simulated rigid emergent vegetation. Specifically, we studied four flow cases with two-factor design comprising rate (7 and 13 l s−1) bed-surface state (hydraulically rough smooth). We have primarily assessed the effects of bed roughness shallowness on time-averaged structure transver...

In this work, inorganic fouling of the heat transfer surfaces from potable water has been studied using a once-through flow cell to visualize and follow deposition processes. The effects surface material rate on amount morphology deposits have investigated. scale which formed mainly consists two distinct regions; smooth flat layer rough calcium carbonate layer. It also revealed that scaling ten...

Abstract A set of wind tunnel experiments was performed to study the average and fluctuating loading on an ”infinite” 2D square prism with rounded edges r / D = 0.16 for different heights simulated hard marine growth at sub-to transcritical Reynolds numbers. It has already been shown, that a change in surface roughness from ks/D = 4.5 × 10?6 (smooth) 1 10?3 (rough) similar ? = 0° 45° had large ...

The retention of cast gold crowns luted with zinc phosphate cement to smooth and rough surfaced extracted teeth was examined. No significant difference in retention was observed between smooth and rough surfaced teeth. A significant linear association existed between the surface area of the teeth tested and the retentive force but, statistically, area could not be used as a useful predictor for...