Plant fossils are described from the Cuche Formation, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia in the area of Floresta. Those identified as Colpodexylon cf. deatsii Banks and cf. Archaeopteris sp. suggest an earliest Late Devonian (Frasnian) age for the formation. These or similar taxa are also found in contemporaneous deposits in western Venezuela, and other elements of the Venezuelan flora are found in a...

A new test pattern generation method for low power test is presented. The proposed method is based on the scan chain configuration after Place and Route (P&R) process. It is also based on the Weighted Transition Metric(WTM) for low power test pattern generation. It does not need to modify any design process and very easy to run. The experimental results of ISCAS 89’ benchmark circuits show the ...

This paper presents differential-based distinguishers against ISO standard hash functions RIPEMD-128 and RIPEMD-160. The compression functions of RIPEMD-128/-160 adopt the doublebranch structure, which updates a chaining variable by computing two functions and merging their outputs. Due to the double size of the internal state and difficulties of controlling two functions simultaneously, only f...

We examine adaptive strategies adopted by vehicles for route selection en-route in transportation networks. By studying a model of two-dimensional cellular automata, we characterized parameter called path-greediness, which corresponds to the tendency them travel their destinations via shortest path. The path-greediness each individual vehicle is updated based on local traffic conditions, either...

To extract structural features from tree-structured documents among nodes in which characteristic words appear, we described a text-mining algorithm for enumerating all frequent consecutive path patterns (CPP) on a list W of words in Uchida et al., PAKDD 2004 [14]. In this paper, we first extend a CPP to a tree pattern, which is called a tree association pattern (TAP), over a set W of words. A ...

In this paper, we analyse the higher order differential properties of NORX, an AEAD scheme submitted to CAESAR competition. NORX is a sponge based construction. Previous efforts, by the designers themselves, have focused on the first order differentials and rotational properties for a small number of steps of the NORX core permutation, which turn out to have quite low biases when extended to th...

6 An analytical study of cepstral peak prominence (CPP) is presented, intended to provide an insight into its meaning and relation with voice perturbation parameters. To carry out this analysis, a parametric approach is adopted in which voice production is modelled using the traditional source-filter model and the first cepstral peak is assumed to have Gaussian shape. It is concluded that the m...

In this paper, we improve an analysis algorithm and apply it to cryptanalysis of Salsa and ChaCha. We constructed a distinguisher of double-bit differentials to improve Aumasson’s single-bit differential cryptanalysis. This method has potential to apply to a wide range of stream ciphers; a double-bit correlation would be found in case that no single-bit correlation is found. However, there are ...

Mental representations of spatial knowledge are organized hierarchically. Among people familiar with an urban environment, common spatial knowledge from these spatial mental representations enables successful communication of place and route descriptions, consisting of hierarchically-ordered references to prominent spatial features, such as streets. The more prominent a street is, the more like...

We analyze the internal permutations of Keccak, one of the NIST SHA-3 competition finalists, in regard to differential properties. By carefully studying the elements composing those permutations, we are able to derive most of the best known differential paths for up to 5 rounds. We use these differential paths in a rebound attack setting and adapt this powerful freedom degrees utilization in or...