This article challenges the notion that the comprehensive community initiative (CCI) is a singularly urban intervention strategy by comparing a rural comprehensive initiative with the literature on urban CCIs. Characteristics of CCIs in urban settings are discussed and compared with Warren Family Institute (WFI), a demonstration project in rural North Carolina. Findings support the thesis that ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this sub-analysis was to compare the early recovery of elderly patients following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) by geographic location (urban/rural) on physical functioning and physical activity. METHODS The sample was 124 subjects who had been in the usual care group (or control group) of a randomized controlled trial. Subjects were categorized into geographic ...

BACKGROUND Urban living affects children's nutrition and growth, which are determinants of their survival, cognitive development, and lifelong health. Little is known about urban-rural differences in children's height and weight, and how these differences have changed over time. We aimed to investigate trends in children's height and weight in rural and urban settings in low-income and middle-i...

Many avian species are negatively impacted by urbanization, but other species survive and prosper in urbanized areas. One factor potentially contributing to the success of some species in urban areas is the reduced presence of predators or parasite vectors in urban compared to rural areas. In addition, urban areas may provide increased food and water resources, which can enhance immune capacity...

Prior research indicates that rural workers are less likely to obtain health insurance coverage through their employer, however, the reasons for this rural-urban differential in coverage rates are not well understood. Differences in coverage may stem from differences in the proportion of workers offered the chance to participate in an employer plan or to differences in the proportion of workers...

in this article generational attitudes towards gender issue in three generation young, middle age, and elders have been studied and the objective is to answer following questions: 1. are there differences in attitudes towards women between generations? 2. are the attitudes’ differences between rural and urban communities similar? 3. do men and women have different attitudes toward women? analys...

Rural firms have a higher survival rate than urban firms. Over the first 13 years after firm entry, the hazard rate for firm exits is persistently higher for urban firms. While differences in firm attributes explain some of the rural-urban gap in firm survival, rural firms retain a survival advantage 18.5% greater than observationally equivalent urban firms. We argue that in competitive markets...

This study attempts to determine the impact that various income sources and different population categories in both urban and rural areas had on the overall level of income inequality in Turkey in 1994. Inequality is significantly higher in urban than in rural areas and this difference is mainly the consequence of differences in the Gini Index in both areas rather than being related to differen...

Recent studies have revealed differences between urban and rural vocalizations of numerous bird species. These differences include frequency shifts, amplitude shifts, altered song speed, and selective meme use. If particular memes sung by urban populations are adapted to the urban soundscape, "urban-typical" calls, memes, or repertoires should be consistently used in multiple urban populations ...

A cross-sectional study of adolescent growth was undertaken among the Brahmin girls residing in rural and urban areas of Sagar districts, Madhya Pradesh to evaluate the urban-rural differences. Six anthropometric measurements, such as weight, stature, sitting height, head circumference, upper arm circumference and chest girth are taken into consideration. Though the urban girls show consistentl...