According to the Russo-Williamson Thesis, causal claims in the health sciences need to be supported by both difference-making and mechanistic evidence. In this article, we attempt to determine whether Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) can be improved through the consideration of mechanistic evidence. We discuss the practical composition and function of each RWT evidence type and propose that exposu...

Russian FrameBank is a bank of annotated samples from the Russian National Corpus which documents the use of lexical constructions (e.g. argument constructions of verbs and nouns). FrameBank belongs to FrameNetoriented resources, but unlike Berkeley FrameNet it focuses more on the morphosyntactic and semantic features of individual lexemes rather than the generalized frames, following the theor...

The Russian alphabet, the Russian words encountered in scientific and technical material and the Russian grammar differ greatly from their English counterparts. In order to read scientific or technical Russian, it is necessary to have the meaning of a large number of Russian words stored in the memory. In translating Russian, the corresponding English words must be supplied by the memory accura...

Exotic plant invasions threaten ecosystems globally, but we still know little about the specific consequences for animals. Invasive plants can alter the quality of breeding habitat for songbirds, thereby impacting important demographic traits such as dispersal, philopatry, and age structure. These demographic effects may in turn alter song-learning conditions to affect song structure and divers...

Nep1 is an extracellular fungal protein that causes necrosis when applied to many dicotyledonous plants, including invasive weed species. Using transmission electron microscopy, it was determined that application of Nep1 (1.0 micro g mL(-)(1), 0.1% [v/v] Silwet-L77) to Arabidopsis and two invasive weed species, spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), caused a...

Copulation normally culminates with two physiologically distinct events known as emission and ejlzctllafion.3~ 3o Emission is the release of sperm and accessory gland fluids into the pelvic urethra. Ejacdafion is the forceful expulsion of the combined fluids (i.e., semen) from the urethra. The associated perceptual-cognitive event called ovgrrsm in humans has not been characterized in nonhuman ...

The article deals with a comprehensive analysis of the legal prescriptions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation aimed at the liberalization and humanization of the criminal policy in the context of international norms. The author examines the procedure of the imposition of a limit of the penalties for serious and very serious crimes. The content of the principle of humanization of the...