suppose $t$ and $s$ are moore-penrose invertible operators betweenhilbert c*-module. some necessary and sufficient conditions are given for thereverse order law $(ts)^{ dag} =s^{ dag} t^{ dag}$ to hold.in particular, we show that the equality holds if and only if $ran(t^{*}ts) subseteq ran(s)$ and $ran(ss^{*}t^{*}) subseteq ran(t^{*}),$ which was studied first by greville [{it siam rev. 8 (1966...

economic analysis of law is a new approach in law that emerged in the early 1960's and its main purpose is managing the rules of the legal system in a way to achieve economic efficiency. this approach has been influential in all the areas of law including the law of civil liability and follows to set up the compensation system based on some principles to minimize the costs resulting from damage...

public order has a long history and a great role in private law andinternational commercial arbitration; as much as can be said: public order isone of the most important limitations of party autonomy (contractualfreedom) in private law and international commercial arbitration.however, legal experts disagree about the meaning of this term. some oflawyers and jurists have made great efforts to de...

Divorce law changes made in the 1970s affected marital formation, dissolution, and bargaining within marriage. By altering the terms of the marital contract these legal changes impacted the incentives for women to enter and remain in the labor force. Whereas earlier work had suggested that the impact of unilateral divorce on female employment depended critically on laws governing property divis...

The paper investigates the role played by ethical deliberation and ethical judgment in Wittgenstein's early thought in the light of twentieth-century German legal philosophy. In particular the theories of the phenomenologists Adolf Reinach, Wilhelm Schapp, and Gerhart Husserl are singled out, as resting on ontologies which are structurally similar to that of the Tractatus: in each case it is ac...

This paper presents a simple and locally optimal test for Zipf’s law. Its use is illustrated in the case of the largest US metropolitan areas. An objection to the general relevance of that law is also presented.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

Near a stable fixed point at 0 or ∞, many real-valued dynamical systems follow Benford's law: under iteration of a map T the proportion of values in {x, T (x), T 2 (x),. .. , T n (x)} with mantissa (base b) less than t tends to log b t for all t in [1, b) as n → ∞, for all integer bases b > 1. In particular , the orbits under most power, exponential, and rational functions (or any successive co...

Recent research has pointed out the importance of the inequational exchange law (P ∗Q) ; (R∗S) ≤ (P ;R)∗ (Q ;S) for concurrent processes. In particular, it has been shown that this law is equivalent to validity of the concurrency rule for Hoare triples. Unfortunately, the law does not hold in the relationally based setting of algebraic separation logic. However, we show that under mild conditio...