(1) For all real numbers s1, s3, s4, l such that s1 ≤ s3 and s1 ≤ s4 and 0 ≤ l and l ≤ 1 holds s1 ≤ (1− l) · s3 + l · s4. (2) For all real numbers s1, s3, s4, l such that s3 ≤ s1 and s4 ≤ s1 and 0 ≤ l and l ≤ 1 holds (1− l) · s3 + l · s4 ≤ s1. (3) If n > 0, then mn mod m = 0. (4) If j > 0 and i mod j = 0, then i÷ j = j . (5) If n > 0, then in÷ i = in i . (6) If 0 < n and 1 < r, then 1 < rn. (7)...

Degeneration of the intervertebral disc from a combination of factors can result in herniation, particularly at the L4-5 and L5-S1 levels. The presence of pain, radiculopathy and other symptoms depends on the site and degree of herniation. A detailed history and careful physical examination, supplemented if necessary by magnetic resonance imaging, can differentiate a herniated lumbar disc from ...

A 55-year-old Hispanic woman was taken to the operating room (OR) for permanent transcutaneous spinal cord stimulator (SCS) insertion. She had a history of lower back pain, radiating to her right posterior thigh for 5 years. She had an L5/S1 laminectomy in 2007 that did not relieve her pain. She had a successful SCS trial for right L5 radiculopathy in 2008 and had a plate inserted surgically th...

The authors report a case of symptomatic epidural gas accumulation 2 weeks after the multi-level lumbar surgery, causing postoperative recurrent radiculopathy. The accumulation of epidural gas compressing the dural sac and nerve root was demonstrated by CT and MRI at the distant two levels, L3-4 and L5-S1, where vacuum in disc space was observed preoperatively and both laminectomy and discectom...

background: peripheral nervous injury and neuromuscular complications from methamphetamine abuse has not been reported. the mechanism is not yet identified. methods: eight patients with lower extremity weakness following methamphetamine abuse were reported during december 2009 to may 2010. results: patients presented with lower extremity weakness. all patients were co-abusers of methamphetamine...

Want to demonstrate factors which effect appearance and severity of lumbosacral radiculopathy. We analysed 100 electromyoneurographically examined patients. Patients were categorised on bases of their BMI (body mass index), sex, age, job type (physical or intellectual job), and chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia). Data were evaluated using the chi2 tes...

BACKGROUND Currently, herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) with radiculopathy and other preconditions are regarded as relative or absolute contraindications for lumbar total disc replacement (TDR). In Switzerland it is left to the surgeon's discretion when to operate. The present study is based on the dataset of SWISSspine, a governmentally mandated health technology assessment registry. We hypothe...

background and purpose: disc herniation leading to radiculopathy is one of the important differential diagnosis of low back pain which needs specific medical care. radiculopathies can be initially diagnosed by history taking and physical examination. however role of other diagnostic methods like magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and electromyography (emg) in narrowing differential diagnosis is w...

BACKGROUND Lumbar radiculopathy is a common clinical problem, characterized by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) injury and neural hyperactivity causing intense pain. However, the mechanisms involved in DRG injury have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, little is known about the degree of radiculopathy at the various levels of nerve injury. The purpose of this study is to compare the degree of ra...

Study Design Case report. Objective Cysticercosis (parasitic infection caused by Taenia solium) is the most common parasitic infection of the nervous system. However, spinal neurocysticercosis is rare. It can present as an extraspinal or intraspinal lesion, with intramedullary being the rarest location. The symptoms can vary from vague backache and radiculopathy to cauda equine syndrome. Method...