The S100s are a large group of Ca(2+) sensors found exclusively in vertebrates. Transcriptomic and genomic data from the major radiations of mammals were used to derive the evolution of the mammalian S100s genes. In human and mouse, S100s and S100 fused-type proteins are in a separate clade from other Ca(2+) sensor proteins, indicating that an ancient bifurcation between these two gene lineages...

Heart failure (HF) represents the common endpoint of many different kinds of cardiopulmonary diseases. Essentially, loss of myocardium triggers a sequence of molecular, cellular and physiological responses leading to ventricular remodelling and the inability of the ventricle to maintain an output sufficient for the metabolic requirements of the tissues of the body [1]. Although these responses ...

The S100 proteins act as multifactional signaling factors that are involved in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. To explore the involvement of S100 genes in bladder cancers, S100 gene expressions were systematically evaluated at the RNA level by microarray and real-time PCR. Total RNAs were obtained from 4-hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN)-induced mouse and rat bladder cancers...

Calcium-binding S100 proteins are thought to play a central role in calcium-mediated signal transduction pathways. They consist of two helix-loop-helix, calcium-binding EF-hand domains. A characteristic feature is their tendency to form homo- and/or heterodimeric complexes. This report presents for the first time a functional "in vivo" approach to the analysis of S100 protein dimerization. Usin...

Introduction Systemic onset Juvenile Idiopathic Artritis (sJIA) is considered to be an autoinflammatory disease. The S100-proteins S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 in serum and interleukin (IL)-18 in plasma are extremely elevated in sJIA patients and have been proposed to be useful biomarkers for diagnosis, disease activity and response to therapy. Moreover, sJIA patients seem to have a defective IL-...

S100A1 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. As with most S100 proteins, S100A1 undergoes a large conformational change upon binding calcium as necessary to interact with numerous protein targets. Targets of S100A1 include proteins involved in calcium signaling (ryanidine receptors 1 & 2, Serca2a, phopholamban), neurotransmitter release (synapsins I & II), cytoskeletal and...

The most common tumor affecting the head and neck is squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). characteristics of HNSCC include a rapid onset, lack early diagnosis, drug resistance, relapse systemic adverse effects, leading to inadequate prevention, diagnosis treatment. Notably, previous research suggests that there an association between S100 proteins HNSCC. S100A8, S100A9 S100A14 interfere with prolif...