Two phase reactions are the analogy of biomembranes, which polarized by Galvani potential difference at interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. Energy conversion such as oxygen reduction reaction or hydrogen evolution have been great drawn attention soft interfaces due to similarity natural biochemical reactions. In this study, copper-based ternary metal selenide (copper tungste...

Three-dimensional organic microfabrication, an emerging technology, faces the challenge of lacking a sacrificial agent (SA) to temporarily support the formation of microscale geometries, which can be removed after a microstructure is constructed. In this study, an ultradense oil-in-organofluorine colloidal emulsion with photopolymerizable submicrometer droplets (diameter approximately 500 nm) w...

The chemoselective photoreduction of aldehydes in the presence of ketones was achieved using triethanolamine (TEOA) as sacrificial electron donor, proflavine (PF) as photocatalyst and [Cp*Rh(iii)(bpy)Cl]Cl (Rhcat) as mediator. The reducing agent, which reacts with the carbonyl group was found to be [Cp*Rh(iii)(bpy)H]Cl (Rh(iii)-H). Contrary to formate-based reduction, its slow photochemical in ...

There is growing interest in compounds containing functionalized E=E multiple bonds (E=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) because of their potential to exhibit novel physical and chemical properties. However, compounds containing multiple functionalizations are rare, with scarcity increasing with increasing degree of substitution. The first ditetrelene R2 E=ER2 in which the E=E bond is substituted by four heteroa...

A common decay scenario in old and new buildings was simulated: the effects on masonry structures of salt efflorescence or subefflorescence produced by the rise of saline solution. Eight different types of masonry wall each made up of a combination of different construction materials (brick, calcarenite and four types of mortar were combined as follows: pure lime mortar, mortar + air entraining...

Damages are created in a sacrificial layer of silicon dioxide by ion implantation to enhance the etch rate of silicon-dioxide in liquid and vapor phase hydrofluoric acid. The etch rate ratio between implanted and unimplanted silicon dioxide is more than 150 in vapor hydrofluoric acid (VHF). This feature is of interest to greatly reduce the underetch of microelectromechanical systems anchors. Ba...

Nearly monodisperse hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) with tunable interior and exterior diameters have been synthesized by sacrificial galvanic replacement of cobalt nanoparticles. It is possible to tune the peak of the surface plasmon band absorption between 550 and 820 nm by carefully controlling particle size and wall thickness. Cobalt particle size is tunable by simultaneously changing the co...

The study investigated photocatalytic water splitting for O₂ production under visible light irradiation using neodymium vanadium oxide (NdVO₄) and vanadium oxide (V₂O₅) hybrid powders. The results in a sacrificial agent of 0.01 M AgNO₃ solution were obtained, and the highest photocatalytic O₂ evolution was 2.63 μmol/h, when the hybrid powders were prepared by mixing Nd and V at a volume ratio o...

Proton transfer (PT) processes in solid-liquid phases play central roles throughout chemistry, biology and materials science. Identification of PT routes deep into the realistic catalytic process is experimentally challenging, thus leaving a gap in our understanding. Here we demonstrate an approach using operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that allows to quantitatively descri...