the safavid era (1501–1736 ad) was the threshold of spreading security and welfare in the iranian society. the era provided the chance for the talented to set steps for advancement. one of the characters in the history of persian medicine who achieved successes in the shadow of the existing peace and security during the safavid empire was hakim imad al-din mahmud shirazi . while he was minister...

contrary to other jewish communities of iran, kashan’s jewish community has undergone positive social and political developments during qajar period. although they could never enjoy equal social privileges as citizens, in comparison to other iranian jews and comparing the safavid period, they made considerable achievements in social relationships and political experience. the present research f...

beginning of the safavidempire, ie, the reign of ismail and tahmasp was the era of prosperity and development of calligraphy in iran. this era can be divided into three periods of approximately equal length. the first was a period of transition from timurid herat to safavid tabriz. the second period, which coincided with the first years of the reign of tahmasp and his interest in art of the boo...

respect and reverence for water and trees are institutionalised in many ancient civilisations due to socio-cultural traditions, values and beliefs. in iranian societies, respect for trees and water, separately and in composite form as gardens, is a well-known cultural value both before and after islam. therefore, the first part of this paper explains the value and importance of plants and garde...

Islamic architecture has been a great influence on different parts of the world, even so there are some similar factors, but the aspect of culture will make the polarization between them. Upon the vast spread that Muslims had in the 7th century (A.D.) Islamic culture and belief moved in different continents from the Fareast parts of Asia to the west of the Mediterranean. At the beginning Islam ...