STUDY DESIGN The assignment of idiopathic scoliosis curves to the curve types,1-6 to the lumbar spine modifier (A, B, or C), and to the sagittal thoracic modifier (-, N, +), as recently described by Lenke et al, was evaluated by five observers on two occasions. OBJECTIVE To determine the intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities of Lenke's new system for classifying idiopathic scoliosis. ...

Introduction: We have previously reported the modified K-line (mK-line), which was defined as a line connecting the midpoints of the spinal cord at C2 and C7 on T1 weighted sagittal MRI, can predict postoperative insufficient decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) who underwent laminoplasty. Although it is very important for spine surgeons to predict postoperative ...

T1 sagittal angle has been reported to be used as a parameter for assessing sagittal balance and cervical lordosis. However, no study has been performed to explore the relationship between T1 sagittal angle and sagittal balance, and whether T1 sagittal angle could be used for osteotomy guidelines remains unknown. The aim of our study is to explore the relationship between T1 sagittal angle and ...

abstract objective: to present the changes in projected thoracic hypokyphosis and the behavior of lumbar lordosis within and below the fusion and to compare these changes between the harrington rod (hr) and posterior multisegmented hook instrumentation. methods: 178 patients with idiopathic scoliosis, who had undergone posterior spinal fusion with harrington technique (106 patients) or multiseg...

i ntroduction:   the  trigeminocardiac  reflex  (tcr)  refers  to  the  sudden development of bradycardia as well as asystole along with arterial hypotension associated with any manipulation of sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. clinically, the tcr has been reported to occur during craniofacial surgery. it is crucial to learn about this sudden physiological response during maxillofacial ...

It has become increasingly clear in the past decade that local, regional, and global sagittal alignment of the spinal column is strongly correlated to both quality of life assessments and also the results of spinal surgical interventions. Traditional open spinal reconstructive procedures have emphasized these sagittal parameters recently, correlating to successful radiographic and clinical resu...

Postural control requires the coordination of force production at the limb endpoints to apply an appropriate force to the body. Subjected to horizontal plane perturbations, quadruped limbs stereotypically produce force constrained along a line that passes near the center of mass. This phenomenon, referred to as the force constraint strategy, may reflect mechanical constraints on the limb or bod...

This study examines the change in the perceived distance of an object in three-dimensional space when the object and/or the observer's head is moved along the line of sight (sagittal motion) as a function of the perceived absolute (egocentric) distance of the object and the perceived motion of the head. To analyze the processes involved, two situations, labeled A and B, were used in four experi...