Since March 2015, the public squares of Havana have been transformed from places where people stroll and children play to places where crowds gather to try to connect to the internet at all hours of the day and night. We present a field investigation of public WiFi hotspots in Havana, Cuba, and examine the possibilities of internet access these limited and expensive hotspots present to individu...

bacteriumAzospirillumbrasilense following chromosomal labeling in the clpXgene Hilda Rodriguez, Alberto Mendoza, M. Antonia Cruz, Gina Holguin, Bernard R. Glick & Yoav Bashan Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico; Department of Microbiology, Cuban Research Institute for Sugarcane By-Products, Havana, Cuba; Centro de Biotecnologı́a ...

This article explores the portrayal of first Cuban war independence against Spain (Ten Years’ War, 1868–1878) in print media both (Barcelona) and Cuba (Havana). The Spanish press portrayed official reports on as falsehood denounced exclusionary treatment Cubans African descent. Havana media, although careful to avoid direct references participation by former slaves, addressed racial composition...

Background: From November 2016 to the summer of 2021, some U.S. diplomats and their family members residing in Havana other locations, including China, Russia, Colombia, Switzerland, France, reported sudden onset auditory, vestibular, neurological symptoms. The aim this study is define enrollment criteria for patients with a possible diagnosis Syndrome. Methods: This study, through review scien...

The socialist leadership seeks to remedy the tattered fabric of Havana’s built environment by drawing on a comparative advantage: tourism. Since 1959, tourism had never been a leading economic sector. Fidel Castro had often vowed that Cuba would not become an island of bourgeoisie-catering bartenders and chambermaids as did other Caribbean nations (Eckstein 1977). Accordingly, in 1975, just 25,...

background salmonella spp. is the major bacterial pathogen in poultry and is responsible for significant economic losses of the poultry industry in many parts of the world. among salmonella spp., salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum are the most common causative agents of chicken salmonellosis resulting in high mortality and morbidity. objectives the aim of this study was to identify s. gallin...

Objective: To assess claims that genes are a major determinant of social class. Design: Using genetic epidemiological principles, five claims on the role of genes in determining social class are examined: (1) traits that run in families are usually inherited; (2) complex traits can be explained by alleles at a single gene locus; (3) complex traits are transmitted intact from one generation to t...