A relatively new technology, high concentration backfilling, enables mining industry to think on the use of fly ash as underground back fill material. The advantages are enormous. Jharia and Ranigunj coalfields being the oldest in the country had adopted unscientific mining during pre-nationalization period. In many cases mining was conducted without proper stowing and that had resulted in seve...

Introduction There are three major oil sand areas in Canada, all in Alberta. There is also an oil sand deposit on Melville Island in the Arctic. The three major oil sand areas are from highest to lowest volume of reserves-in-place (AEUB 2003) Athabasca, Cold Lake and Peace River oil sand areas notwithstanding that bitumen reserves are also evident in subcropping carbonate rocks in Athabasca and...

Alyceclover (Alysicarpus spp.) is an annual, high-quality leguminous forage, suitable for production under tropical and subtropical climates where the husbandry of conventional leguminous forages, Trifolium spp., is uneconomical. The damage potential and reproduction of Belonolairaus longicaudatus and Hoplolaimus galeatus on alyceclover were studied under greenhouse conditions, using sand and s...

in this study two identical anaerobic completely mixed fluidized bed reactors with gac and sand media were employed for cod & phenol removal. at loading rate of 1.6 g phenol l-1d-1, the efficiency of phenol removal in gac & sand reactors were 97.7% & 74%, respectively. at high loading rate of phenol (6.09 g phenol i: 1d1) the efficiency of phenol removal in gac reactor was better than 95%. in g...

Sand manifestation has been observed in both deep and shallow wells areas with abnormally low pressure formations. In all cases, the appearance of sand water creates complex problems. As a result collapse bottom whole zone, there are cases bending failure pipelines above filter. All this leads to long repairs. From development well its subsequent operation number processes occur, which affect s...

Oilfield chemicals are utilized in treating reservoir formations, wellbore completions, drilling, and to enhance productivity, which exerts pressure on the formation. Pressure from these processes cause formation rock weaken, weakened begins detach, thereby producing sand as well fluid (petroleum). In petroleum industry, sanding poses major challenges with significant financial consequences. Th...