Sarcoidosis may be associated with granulomatous inflammation in any part of the body, usually in more than one area [1]. Rare manifestations of sarcoidosis include unusual patterns of organ involvement, or are the result of granulomatous inflammation developing in unusual locations for sarcoidosis. In other rare cases, sarcoidosis is associated with a second disorder. Although the frequency of...

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) may complicate pulmonary sarcoidosis. We re-estimated the global burden of sarcoidosis and the burden of CPA complicating sarcoidosis. We searched the literature and reference lists of retrieved papers to identify all published sarcoidosis incidence and prevalence data. We estimated the frequency of CPA from 11 papers relating to >3,000 patients with sarcoi...

BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology and coccidioidomycosis is a granulomatous fungal infection endemic to the southwestern United States. Clinical observations on patients with sarcoidosis and coccidioidomycosis simultaneously led to the hypothesis that sarcoidosis can be caused by the fungus Coccidioides. METHODS Two patients with sarcoidosis and coccidioido...

Although the first description of sarcoidosis by Jonathan Hutchinson (1877) was of a patient who "suffered from gout", only recently has it been appreciated that joint manifestations are an important part of sarcoidosis. Myers, Gottlieb, Mattman, Eckley, and Chason (1952) first described migratory polyarthritis as a presenting feature of sarcoidosis in four cases, and Gendel, Young, and Greiner...

INTRODUCTION Etiology of sarcoidosis is unknown but the prevalence of disease in different ethnic groups and identical twins, family characteristics indicate that genetic predisposition is a possible factor. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been implicated in the pahophysiology of sarcoidosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of a polymorphism in I/D (Insertion/D...

Cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis present with various manifestations including specific and non-specific cutaneous lesions. Ichthyosiform sarcoidosis is a rare form of cutaneous sarcoidosis, presenting with asymptomatic, adherent, polygonal scales, mainly appearing on the lower limbs.  Ichthyosiform sarcoidosis has a predilection for dark-skinned races, and cases affecting Japanese patients hav...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology. The outcome of renal transplantation on patients with sarcoidosis is not well known. A few case reports have described recurrence of sarcoidosis after transplant. Here, we report for the first time results and outcome of renal transplantation in a series of patients with sarcoidosis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIP...

Systemic sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology, with the liver being the third most commonly affected organ. Most cases of hepatic sarcoidosis are not clinically apparent, but a few can progress to liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension and ultimately liver failure. The diagnosis of hepatic sarcoidosis is difficult, considering that no single laboratory test or radiographic finding can def...

Sarcoidosis is an immune mediated disease thought to be caused by complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Involvement of genetic factors in sarcoidosis is supported by familial clustering, increased concordance in monozygotic twins and varying incidence and disease presentation among different ethnic groups. Studies have revealed several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and ...

Subcutaneous sarcoidosis is a rare variant of cutaneous sarcoidosis, which typically presents as single or multiple, indurated, illdefined plaques, typically on the upper extremities. Granulomas consisting of macrophages with multinucleated giant cells and sparse lymphocytic inflammation are confined to the subcutaneous tissue, rather than to their usual location within the dermis in typical le...