1 Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 2 Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. 3 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran. 4 Cancer Research ...

Since 2009 pandemic, international health authorities recommended monitoring severe and complicated cases of respiratory disease, that is, severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We evaluated the proportion of SARI/ARDS cases and deaths due to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection and the impact of other respiratory viruses during pandemic and postpa...

BACKGROUND Human enteroviruses (EV) have been associated with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in South Africa. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe the molecular epidemiology of EV serotypes among patients hospitalized with SARI during 2009-2011. PATIENTS/METHODS Study samples from patients were tested for the presence of enterovirus using a polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS 8.2...

This paper presents two metaheuristic algorithms, namely taboo search and simulated annealing, applied to the control of a flow rack automated storage retrieval system (AS/RS). These metaheuristic algorithms are developed to control the retrieval machine of the AS/RS in order to minimize the retrieval cycle time. Results of these metaheuristic algorithms are compared to classical heuristics and...

BACKGROUND Surveillance of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in sentinel hospitals is recommended to estimate the burden of severe influenza-cases. Therefore, we monitored patients admitted with respiratory infections (RI) in 9 Berlin hospitals from 7.12.2009 to 12.12.2010 according to different case definitions (CD) and determined the proportion of cases with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (p...

Since 2003, Southern Vietnam has become the most serious affected area by various emerging diseases such as: A/H5N1, SARS, Rubella, etc. Therefore, the establishment of emerging disease surveillance is essential and necessary to provide scientific information for good understand on the emerging diseases and for effective outbreak response. A specific surveillance system for Severe Acute Respira...

A simple method for filtering water to reduce the incidence of cholera was tested in a field trial in Matlab, Bangladesh, and proved effective. A follow-up study was conducted 5 years later to determine whether the filtration method continued to be employed by villagers and its impact on the incidence of cholera. A total of 7,233 village women collecting water daily for their households in Bang...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the epidemiology of influenza in Africa, including Niger. We documented the epidemiology of seasonal and pandemic influenza among outpatients with influenza-like-illness (ILI) and inpatients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) presenting at selected sentinel sites in Niger from April 2009 through April 2013. METHODS Patients meeting the ILI or the SAR...

Background. In the United States, surveillance of non-influenza severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) is not well established. The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) is conducting pilot hospital-based surveillance to characterize SARI in adults and children year-round. Methods. SARI surveillance was implemented two hospitals (one pediatric, one general). Residual upper respiratory specimens...

BACKGROUND Influenza epidemiology in Africa is generally not well understood. Using syndrome definitions to screen patients for laboratory confirmation of infection is an established means to effectively conduct influenza surveillance. METHODS To compare influenza-related epidemiologic data, from October 2010 through March 2013, we enrolled hospitalized severe acute respiratory infection (SAR...