Software architects struggle to choose an adequate architectural style for multi-tenant software systems. Bad choices result in poor performance, low scalability, limited flexibility, and obstruct software evolution. We present a comparison of 12 Multi-Tenant Architecture (MTA) patterns that supports architects in choosing the most suitable architectural pattern, using 17 assessment criteria. B...

Child labor is an inseparable phenomenon in the s‌tructure of developing countries and third world nations. Numerous claims have been made about the benefits of the learning environment on child labor’s life. Individuals do their activities in designed environments, which can influence them. There were few s‌tudies on designing an educational place for child labors, especially in Iran. The purp...

Tracking the evolution of a software system through time gives us valuable information. It suggests which parts are likely to remain stable and which ’problem’ aspects are likely to change, and it gives us insight into some of the design choices made. In this paper we show how recovered views of succesive versions of the same software system can be used to track evolution. We first briefly desc...

Change impact analysis is a useful technique in software maintenance and evolution. Many techniques have been proposed to support change impact analysis at the code level of software systems, but little effort has been made for change impact analysis at the architectural level. In this chapter, we present an approach to supporting change impact analysis at the architectural level of software sy...

Attachment to a place is a positive emotional relation between a person and a place that leads to the significance of a place for the people staying there. Several studies have been presented about the sense of attachment to one or more locations around the world that each of them has evaluated the subject from a specific view and has achieved different results. This research tries to assess th...

Software architectures are critical in the successful development and evolution of software-intensive systems. While formal and automated support for architectural descriptions has been widely addressed, their evolution is equally crucial, but significantly less well-understood and supported. In order to face a recurring evolution need, we introduce the concept of evolution pattern. It formalis...

the writing of iranian architectural history has, from its start, followed the principles of western historiography. portions of this history are well expected to be neglected or unattended when writing of it takes place outside its intellectual framework that essentially reflects the iranian throught world. to have a truly iranian architectural historiography, one has to find the theoretical p...

the normal and lateral line cycloid scales of a cyprinid fish; alburnoides bipunctatus (blotch, 1782) have been subjected to sem to study their detailed structure. it shows the general architectural pattern of a cycloid cyprinid scale. the focus of the scale is clear and sharp located in the anterior field. circuli are observed in all fields. primary radii which originate from very near the foc...