the purpose of the present paper is to develop light beam method to measurement of interfacial area in a rectangular gas-liquid bubble column. total interfacial area can be determined in bubble column filled by transparent liquid by light transmission method. according to pervious researches, the fraction of parallel light is function of interfacial area and optical path length that these two p...

The intensity of surface spin wave excitations in inelastic electron scattering is measured as function of electron energy for fcc and hexagonal close packed (hcp) cobalt layers. Intensities are converted into scattering probabilities with the help of a recently established calibration of our spectrometer. The scattering probability as function of energy exhibits a peak around 7 and 3 eV for fc...

A rotating NaI(TI) scintillator detector and a collimated Cs 137 source producing gamma rays with an energy of 662 keV scattered incoherently by aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) scatterers through the angles from 0 to 120° are used to study Compton scattering. The Compton scattering effect is investigated and found that the energy of scattered gamma ray decreases as the scattering angles increases...

Scattering and absorption properties at optical and ultraviolet wavelengths are calculated for an interstellar dust model consisting of carbonaceous grains and amorphous silicate grains. Polarization as a function of scattering angle is calculated for selected wavelengths from the infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet. The widely-used Henyey-Greenstein phase function provides a good approximation ...

The Earth’s atmosphere is an environment replete with particles of differ-ent sizes with various refractive indices which affect the light radiation traveling through it. The Mie scattering theory is one of the well-known light scattering techniques ap-plicable to modeling of electromagnetic scattering from tiny atmospheric particles or aerosols floating in the air or within the clouds. In this...

The single scattering albedo o0l in atmospheric radiative transfer is the ratio of the scattering coefficient to the extinction coefficient. For cloud water droplets both the scattering and absorption coefficients, thus the single scattering albedo, are functions of wavelength l and droplet size r. This note shows that for water droplets at weakly absorbing wavelengths, the ratio o0l(r)/o0l(r0)...

Electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS) measures the spectral function of electrons in matter directly, provided that multiple scattering effects are negligibly small. Even for the thinnest films this is not the case and one has to correct for multiple scattering effects in order to retrieve the spectral function. Both elastic and inelastic scattering effects affect the measurement. Elastic scatte...