A comprehensive review was carried out about psychoanalytic studies and the most recentneuroscientific researches about dreams. According to Freud, dreams represent “a (disguised)fulfillment of a (repressed) wish.” For several neuroscientists, they are formed based on randomstimuli originated from the brainstem and do not have any meaning. However, several studiesassociate t...

Background Metformin is widely known as an antidiabetic agent which has significant gastrointestinal side effects, but nightmares and abnormal dreams as its adverse reactions are not well reported. Case Presentation Herein we present a case of 56-year-old male patient with no known history of recurrent nightmares and sleep disorder, experiencing nightmare and abnormal dreams directly after co...

This research investigated laypeople's interpretation of their dreams. Participants from both Eastern and Western cultures believed that dreams contain hidden truths (Study 1) and considered dreams to provide more meaningful information about the world than similar waking thoughts (Studies 2 and 3). The meaningfulness attributed to specific dreams, however, was moderated by the extent to which ...

We tested whether dreams can anticipate a stressful exam and how failure/success in dreams affect next-day performance. We collected information on students' dreams during the night preceding the medical school entrance exam. Demographic, academic, sleep and dream characteristics were compared to the students' grades on the exam. Of the 719 respondents to the questionnaire (of 2324 total studen...

This research investigated laypeople’s interpretation of their dreams. Participants from both Eastern and Western cultures believed that dreams contain hidden truths (Study 1) and considered dreams to provide more meaningful information about the world than similar waking thoughts (Studies 2 and 3). The meaningfulness attributed to specific dreams, however, was moderated by the extent to which ...

Many of us have an image of a classic anthropological approach to dreams: in "traditional" cultures, dreams are used to predict the future; dreams are part of "folk healing;" dreams are a social phenomenon. As the anthropologist Ellen Basso has put it, folk dream theories tend to be "progressive" or forward-looking, in contrast to the "regressive" Western dream theory, which uses dreams as a wi...

In this article, we present results from an interdisciplinary research project aimed at assessing consciousness in dreams. For this purpose, we compared lucid dreams with normal non-lucid dreams from REM sleep. Both lucid and non-lucid dreams are an important contrast condition for theories of waking consciousness, giving valuable insights into the structure of conscious experience and its neur...