Scintillation and total electron content (TEC) are the two major examples of top-side ionospheric parameters that recorded differently by most Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The new GPS sensor created Atmospheric Space Technology Research Associates (ASTRA), Cornell University, University Texas, Austin have capability to record scintillation TEC fluctuations simultaneously. Hence, C...

This is a general review of the existing climatological models of ionospheric radio scintillation for high and equatorial latitudes. Trans-ionospheric communication of radio waves from transmitter to user is affected by the ionosphere which is highly variable and dynamic in both time and space. Scintillation is the term given to irregular amplitude and phase fluctuations of the received signals...

The recent rapid evolution of new satellite services, including VSAT for internet access, LAN interconnection and multimedia applications, has triggered an increasing demand for bandwidth usage by satellite communications. However, these systems are susceptible to propagation effects that become significant as the frequency increases. Scintillation is the rapid signal fluctuation of the amplitu...

The probability distribution of ocean-acoustic broadband signal energy after saturated multipath propagation is derived using coherence theory. The frequency components obtained from Fourier decomposition of a broadband signal are each assumed to be fully saturated with energy spectral density that obey the exponential distribution with 5.6 dB standard deviation and unity scintillation index. W...

Predictions of transverse horizontal spatial coherence from path integral theory are compared with measurements for two ranges between 2000 and 3000 km. The measurements derive from a low-frequency ~75 Hz! bottom-mounted source at depth 810 m near Kauai that transmitted m-sequence signals over several years to two bottom-mounted horizontal line arrays in the North Pacific. In this paper we cons...

At the previous Ionospheric Effects Symposium, we presented an extension of the phase screen theory of ionospheric scintillation for the case where the refractive index irregularities follow a two-component power law spectrum. A specific normalization was invoked to achieve a universal scaling, such that different combinations of perturbation strength, propagation distance, and frequency produc...

One of the most challenging phenomena threatening performance satellite navigation services is ionospheric scintillation, characterized by rapid fluctuation in amplitude and phase received radio signals. Although scintillation high-latitude regions mostly caused refractive effect which can be eliminated dual-frequency measurements, non-dispersive diffractive experienced low-latitude region stil...

The use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for air and terrestrial navigation many applications is increasing in the last decades. However, Earth’s ionosphere causes GNSS signal delay due to total electron content (TEC) scintillation phase amplitude. This can give rise deleterious effects positioning. So, it important assess over signal. To achieve this goal, necessary have a large sp...

A complete characterization of field-aligned ionospheric irregularities responsible for the scintillation of transionospheric satellite signals includes not only their spectral properties (power spectral strength, spectral index, outer-scale, and anisotropy) but also their bulk motion, or drift. At low latitudes, the irregularity drift is predominantly zonal and controlled by the F region dynam...