Spine growth and retraction with synapse formation and elimination plays an important role in shaping brain circuits during development and in the adult brain, yet the temporal relationship between spine morphogenesis and the formation of functional synapses remains poorly defined. We imaged hippocampal pyramidal neurons to identify spines of different ages. We then used two-photon glutamate un...

Height gain after scoliosis correction is of a special interest for the patient and family. Ylikoski was the first to suggest a formula predicting height loss in untreated scoliotic patients. Stokes has recently suggested a new formula by using Cobb angle to determine height loss in idiopathic curves. We hypothesized that new additional variables to Cobb angle such as apical vertebral translati...

Sir, We are glad that Dr. P. F. Benson wrote to you (Archives, 1972, 47, 476) drawing attention to the work on this subject which he published in 1965 (Benson, 1965). Had he been less modest, he might have added that it was the exciting discovery which he made-that urinary hydroxyproline excretion is increased in scoliotic children-which led to the much larger study, subsequently made here by u...

The present work contains a predominant idea regarding making contribution in order to clarify some particular aspects of the scoliotic attitude. purpose this is therapeutic protocol attitude that includes information about patient's recovery. corrective gymnastics is: correct spine by toning back muscles, reducing coastal gibbosity mobilizing and untwisting vertebral bodies, straightening pelv...

Background Idiopathic scoliosis induces change in coordination between body segments, spinal anatomy, left-right trunk symmetry and gait pattern. Various treatment methods have being used for scoliosis which includes: physical therapy, occupational therapy, osteopathic therapy, casting, bracing and surgery. However, using brace is a commonly used method in this regard. Although, the influence o...