Criterion for choosing chaos map to drive image bit permutation based on chaos permutation information entropy is proposed. An algorithm for image bit permutation is designed based on the fact that the output trajectory of chaotic system is very unpredictable. Image smallest granularity scrambling, namely, bit space maximum scrambling is implemented by applying the chaos that has been selected....

Xk-related protein (Xkr) 8, a protein carrying 10 transmembrane regions, is essential for scrambling phospholipids during apoptosis. Here, we found Xkr8 as a complex with basigin (BSG) or neuroplastin (NPTN), type I membrane proteins in the Ig superfamily. In BSG(-/-)NPTN(-/-) cells, Xkr8 localized intracellularly, and the apoptosis stimuli failed to expose phosphatidylserine, indicating that B...

— Aiming at the problem of blind estimation of Pseudo-random (PN) sequences in multi-user long scrambling code direct sequence spread spectrum (LSC-DSSS) signals, in this paper, we proposed a novel PN sequences estimation method based on Fast-ICA algorithm and third-order statistics. The received signal is firstly divided twice into segments and then the segments are transformed into several a...

Minimalist Grammars were proposed recently as a model for the formal description of the natural-language syntax. This paper explores a nonlocal extension to this formalism that would make it possible to describe unbounded scrambling which is a discriptionally problematic syntactic phenomenon attested in many languages. It is shown that extending Minimalist Grammars with scrambling without short...

Kanum, a language of southern New Guinea, displays nonconfigurationality only for arguments marked with an overt structural case. After examining a variety of constraints on scrambling, in main and subordinate clauses, I argue that nonconfigurationality is a process of scrambling, rather than independent mapping from functional structure to constituency, and further is dependent on features ass...

A novel Variable Dimension Space Audio Scrambling Algorithm Against MP3 Compression is proposed. The algorithm is implemented in audio position space, which changes the dimension of coordinates and uses arbitrary matrices to scramble audio. The scrambled audio was segmented and a sequence number is embedded in the front of each segment to discriminate different segments. The proposed method can...

In this paper, we address the problem of scrambling regions of interest in a video sequence. We target applications such as video surveillance preserving privacy, anonymous video communications, or TV news safeguarding the anonymity of a source. We propose an efficient solution based on transform-domain scrambling. More specifically, the sign of selected transform coefficients is flipped during...

The initial search procedure in WCDMA is used to identify the scrambling code used by the base station that has the lowest path loss coefficient of the received signal among all the other base stations. The timing relationship between base stations is asynchronous in WCDMA system. So the three-step cell search algorithm is introduced in 3GPP protocols in order to fast identify the special base ...

We investigated the influence of peptide size on the apparent loss of sequence during collision-induced dissociation (CID) of b ions using a group of peptides containing from between 4 and 10 residues. Although scrambling of sequence for b3+ generated from tetrapeptides is minimal, significant formation of nondirect sequence ions (i.e., ions for which scrambling has apparently occurred) was obs...

It is well known that standard TAG cannot deal with certain instances of longdistance scrambling in German (Rambow, 1994). That CCG can deal with many instances of non-local scrambling in languages such as Turkish has previously been observed (e.g. by Hoffman (1995a) and Baldridge (2002)). We show here that CCG can derive German scrambling cases which are problematic for TAG, and give CCG analy...