A density-functional self-consistent calculation of the ground-state electronic density of quantum dots under an arbitrary magnetic field is performed. We consider a parabolic lateral confining potential. The addition energy, E(N11)2E(N), where N is the number of electrons, is compared with experimental data and the different contributions to the energy are analyzed. The Hamiltonian is modeled ...

US conscription in the Civil War is analyzed. Conscription was designed to gain federal control of enlistments, leaving state and local governments much of the fiscal and administrative responsibility for raising troops. Due to the hiring of substitutes, the payment of a fee to avoid service (commutation), and community-provided funds, only 2% of those who served were conscripted. Theory sugges...

The isolation from bud scales and partial characterisation of highly active, low molecular weight, germination inhibitors, in concentrations correlated quantitively with resistance of N52/219, N11, NCo376, and NCo293, holds promise for the development of a rapid, quantitative, chemical assay for evaluating sugarcane for pre-infectional resistance to smut. Histopathological studies on stalk and ...

For a polygonal domain with h holes and a total of n vertices, we present algorithms that compute the L1 geodesic diameter in O(n2 + h4) time and the L1 geodesic center in O((n4 + n2h4)α(n)) time, respectively, where α(·) denotes the inverse Ackermann function. No algorithms were known for these problems before. For the Euclidean counterpart, the best algorithms compute the geodesic diameter in...

Under the National Banking System, 1863–1914, national banks that deposited sufficient collateral could issue notes provided they paid a tax on notes in circulation: 1% per year before 1900 and 12% thereafter. Because note issue was far below the allowed maximum, an arbitrage argument predicts that short-term nominal interest rates should have been bounded above by the tax rate. They were not. ...

Let P = n11 ⊕ · · · ⊕ nt1 be the poset given by the ordinal sum of the antichains ni1 with ni elements. We derive MacWilliams-type identities for the fragment and sphere enumerators, relating enumerators for the dual C of the linear code C on P and those for C on the dual poset P̌. The linear changes of variables appearing in the identities are explicit. So we obtain, for example, the P-weight d...

InAs/GaAs heterostructures have been simultaneously grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (100), GaAs (100) with a 2 misorientation angle towards [01-1], and GaAs (n11)B (n = 9, 7, 5) substrates. While the substrate misorientation angle increased from 0 to 15.8 , a clear evolution from quantum dots to quantum well was evident by the surface morphology, the photoluminescence, and the time-reso...

The sandy substrate of Lake Taharoa (west coast, North Island, New Zealand 35°50'S, 173°41'E) is covered by communities of filamentous algae that extend from the exposed beach down to 21 m depth. The algae bind the sand to form crusts and mats which may break off as discrete plates. The dominant species are the blue-greens Microcoleus, Nostoc, Phormidium, Lyngbya, Oscillatoria, Scytonema, Stigo...

Cyanobacterin is a secondary metabolite produced by the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Scytonema hofmanni. The compound had previously been isolated and chemically characterized. It was shown to inhibit the growth of algae at a concentration of approximately 5 micromolar. Cyanobacterin also inhibited the growth of angiosperms, including the aquatic, Lemna, and terrestrial species such as corn...

Scytovirin (SVN) is a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein isolated from aqueous extracts of the cultured cyanobacterium Scytonema varium. The protein consists of a single 95-amino acid chain with significant internal sequence duplication and 10 cysteines forming five intrachain disulfide bonds. A synthetic gene that encodes scytovirin was constructed, and expressed in Escheric...