In this paper energy bands and Berry curvature of graphene was studied. Desired Hamiltonian regarding the next-nearest neighbors obtained by tight binding model. By using the second quantization approach, the transformation matrix is calculated and the Hamiltonian of system is diagonalized. With this Hamiltonian, the band structure and wave function can be calculated. By using calculated wave f...

We consider the case of electromagnetic field inside a rectangular cavity with conducting walls as form system described by classical mechanics equations. pass these equations through Lagrangian formalism to obtain Hamiltonian formulation. Finally we apply canonical quantization end up quantum theory field. Since electrodynamics can be interpreted one photon system, then above is taken “quant...