The salivary system of the Hymenoptera consists of the mandible, hypopharynx and thoracic salivary glands. It is very important because it is related to various aspects of the life of the insects, such as pheromone production, feeding the young, food digestion and nest building. Adult Polistes versicolor (Olivier) individuals were dissected, the thoracic salivary glands removed and processed fo...

The structural characteristics of the parotid glands in small ruminants (goat, sheep) were observed and compared to those of a major laboratory animal, the mouse. Their parotid glands consist of the purely serous type. Ultrastructurally, the serous acini of goats and sheep were characterized by the presence of well-developed basolateral expansions of folds, which are characteristics of electrol...

In isolated sweat glands, bumetanide inhibits sweat secretion. The mRNA encoding bumetanide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) isoform 1 (NKCC1) has been detected in sweat glands; however, the cellular and subcellular protein localization is unknown. Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) isoform 1 (NHE1) protein has been localized to both the duct and secretory coil of human sweat duct; howev...

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein with the enzymatic activity of serine protease, the gene which is encoded in the human glandular kallikrein gene locus. Catalytically active PSA released into serum may be inactivated by a complex formation with alpha 1ACT (ACT) and alpha 2MG (MG), two major protease inhibitors. The serum complex-to-total PSA ratio can be used as a marker for th...

The presence of the microtubules in the ducts of scolex gland cells of cestodes has been reported by numerous researchers (e.g. Öhman-James C. 1973: Z. Parasitenkd. 42: 77-86; Richards K.S., Arme C. 1981: Parasitology 83: 477487; Kuperman B.I., Davidov V.G. 1982: Int. J. Parasitol. 12: 285-293; Richards K.S., Arme C. 1983: Parasitology 86: 8388; McCullough J.S., Fairweather I. 1989: Parasitol. ...

Aspects of the reproductive biology of male and female Agkistrodon piscivorus are described using histological techniques, reviewed, and compared with historical data on A. piscivorus. These include anatomical description at the macro and microscopic levels, and correlation of the male and female urogenital cycles to the reproductive life history of A. piscivorus. New anatomical descriptions an...

Understanding the effect of vaccination on body chickens is impossible without exploring morphology immune defence organs. The purpose study was to identify morphological changes in Harderian gland Haysex Brown aged 1, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 120 days under influence vaccination. following methods were used study: anatomical, histological, light-optical, morphometric, statistical. Histological ...

a total of 1500 infected liver with f. hepatica and f. gigantica from slaughtered cattle in different parts of iran were studied. grossly the livers were usually irregular in shape, with prominent bile ducts on the visceral surface as grayish-white, firm-branching streaks. the atrophy of the left lobe due to fibrosis and ischemia were noticed. on the cut surface the main bile ducts wall consist...

bacterial utilize a multitude of methods to secretion of specific substrate across phospholipid membranes. these bacterial strategies can play many roles in promoting bacterial process, from enhancing pathogenesis to bacterial response to environmental condition. the secretion in bacterial species transfer and release performance substance such as proteins, enzymes and metabolites to environmen...

background: fasciola hepatica is one of the most important helminthes parasites and triclabendazole (tcbz) is routinely used for treatment of infected people and animals. secreted protease enzymes by the f. hepatica plays a critical role in the inva-sion, migration, nutrition and the survival of parasite and are key targets for novel drugs and vaccines. the aim of study was to determine the pro...