Assume we have the following game. A verifier V interacts with two provers P1 and P2. The verifier is probabilistic and acts honestly according to its (known) strategy. The goal of the provers is to convince the verifier of a certain fact. The provers may collaborate to set up a strategy to maximize their chances of success. However, they are not allowed to exchange information once they receiv...

MODERATOR: I’m absolutely delighted that we have such a distinguished speaker to address us at this morning’s session. Professor Malcolm Sears is one of those individuals who, I think we can honestly sa3~ in his career in medicine has made a very important contribution in his specific area, that being in the whole area of identifying the changing trends in asthma mortali~. Dr. Sears is a distin...

This essay marks the occasion of my fourth trip to Boulder to participate in one of Phil Weiser’s justly celebrated conferences on the state of the telecommunications industry. I’m happy to report that all is well in the industry for lawyers, because the same basic arguments rage on in all the usual forums and show little sign of abating. All is well for academic commentators too, because the a...

The 19 months of National Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi between 1975 and 1977 represent a watershed in the postcolonial history of democratic India. During that period, the civil rights movement developed a wider organizational base and consequently grew more visible. Now, some ten years later, there is an urgent need to understand the historical evolution of the emergence of human rights ...

‘Please, if there is any way you could help with our situation, by yourself or anyone you know, could you please get in touch. We can honestly say, hand on heart, we haven’t done anything to hurt our baby. We are now been [sic] assessed and we got told [sic] that when we go to the finding of facts hearing and we still insist we haven’t done anything, our twins will go up for adoption.’—Letter f...

It is indeed correct as the Senator suggests that I have criticized a few aspects of IPCC assessments, but then so too have nearly all scientists or policy analysts who honestly observe the complex issues involved. In fact, IPCC Lead Authors themselves are among the most vigorous critics of their own evolving assessment reports—as they should be. That is why IPCC assessments undergo several rou...

I n this era of ever-increasing printed and electronic publications, we often take for granted the accuracy of the information provided. As the meaning of the presentation is debated, we assume that the data on which we base our judgment have been honestly and accurately developed. Occasionally, it is wise to remember that editorial lapses may lead to false conclusions, as the following story w...

We expect scientists to follow a code of honor and conduct and to report their research honestly and accurately, but so-called scientific misconduct, which includes plagiarism, faked data, and altered images, has led to a tenfold increase in the number of retractions over the past decade. Among the reasons for this troubling upsurge is increased competition for journal placement, grant money, a...

seems to inspire great science. Since moving, I’ve developed wonderful long-term collaborations with my colleagues Phil Zamore and Zhiping Weng. I love to think about the biology of germline development; Phil has amazing insights into small RNA function and mechanism; and Zhiping can pull it all together through elegant and rigorous computational analyses. Working with these two has been a blas...

Examining a huge amount of data is typical issue in any research process. However, different statistical processes and techniques play essential role to derive meaningful conclusion from the presented enormous data. Control type I error highly for researcher or statistician while dealing with comparisons test more than two variables. Multiple testing tests provides structural system minimizes r...