Annex 1 describes a methodology for co-channel interference evaluation from a HAPS base station and cellular base stations to a cellular mobile station to provide IMT-2000. The C/I ratio is used as a criterion to set separation distance between a HAPS system and a cellular system. For evaluating the interference within a cellular system, a simplified extended version of Hata’s model is applied....

The genetic population structures of the freshwater snail Bulinus globosus and its trematode parasite Schistosoma haematobium from 8 river sites in the Zimbabwean highveld were compared using randomly amplified DNA (RAPD) markers. There was significant variability between snail populations collected at different sites, but schistosome populations only showed differentiation at a wider geographi...

A recent experiment has shown “inverted drafting” in flags: the drag force on one flag is increased by excitation from the wake of another. Here we use vortex sheet simulations to show that inverted drafting occurs when the flag wakes add coherently to form strong vortices. By contrast, normal drafting occurs for higher-frequency oscillations, when the vortex wake becomes more complex and mixed...

Following focal sensory adaptation, the perceived separation between visual stimuli that straddle the adapted region is often exaggerated. For instance, in the tilt aftereffect illusion, adaptation to tilted lines causes subsequently viewed lines with nearby orientations to be perceptually repelled from the adapted orientation. Repulsion illusions in the nonvisual senses have been less studied....

Magnetic poly (acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (PAN-co-AA) composite nanofibers with different proportions of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were fabricated using electrospinning technique. Electrospinning conditions like polymeric concentration, applied voltage, feeding rate, working distance, and collector type were explored and optimized to produce ultrafine- uniform size and bead free nanofib...

We consider an n-tuple of independent ergodic Markov processes, each of which converges (in the sense of separation distance) at an exponential rate, and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the n-tuple to exhibit a separation cutoff. We also provide general bounds on the (asymmetric) window size of the cutoff, and indicate links to classical extreme value theory.

We study separation between models of speech attributes. A good measure of separation usually serves as a key indicator of the discrimination power of these speech models because it can often be used to indirectly determine the performance of speech recognition and verification systems. In this study, we use a probabilistic distance, called generalized log likelihood ratio (GLLR), to measure th...

Calculation of the minimum distance to a geometric object or the minimum separation between objects is a fundamental problem that has application in a variety of arenas. Minimum separation queries for sculptured surfaces are believed particularly difficult, yet are increasingly important as modeling problems grow larger and interactivity demands grow more stringent. We present a set of algorith...

The amount of land available for the coexistent growing of both organic and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops depends on the separation distance between the two types of crop. The form of the decline in the proportion of land available for growing one of these crop types due to increasing separation distance is linear on a suitable scale, but with a slope and intercept that a...

Synthetic experiments are used to test the applicability of coda wave interferometry (CWI) as a means for estimating distance between sources of nearby earthquakes. Acoustic waves for 45 sources are propagated through a Gaussian random medium. A pair-wise analysis of resulting waveforms illustrates the applicability of CWI as a tool for estimating source separation. Results suggest that when th...