To investigate the protective effects of squid ink in chemotherapy, BALB/c mice were used as animal models of injuries induced by cyclophosphamine, a well known chemotherapeutic drug. The mice were randomly divided into five groups with the same number of males and females in each group. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed to investigate organ indexes and antioxidant ability o...

Abstract Background Sepia officinalis ink is a bioactive secondary metabolite rich in melanin granules, which has wide range of nutritional and therapeutic values also been used to prevent various gastrointestinal disorders. Gastric ulcer, the most common disease, characterized by severe gastric mucosa damage, its prevention currently one main goals clinical experimental studies. Thus, present ...

Abstract Background Sepia melanin (SM) is a natural photothermal biopolymer. Its biomedical applications are limited due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. This study aims prepare soluble formulation of sepia enhance solubility, in turn, bioavailability, use therapy cancer. SM was extracted from ink sac prepared as insoluble powdered which identified by FTIR, 1 H-NMR, thermogravimetric...

We tested color perception based upon a robust behavioral response in which cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) respond to visual stimuli (a black and white checkerboard) with a quantifiable, neurally controlled motor response (a body pattern). In the first experiment, we created 16 checkerboard substrates in which 16 grey shades (from white to black) were paired with one green shade (matched to the...

Most moving animals segregate their locomotion trajectories in short burst like rotations and prolonged translations, to enhance distance information from optic flow, as only translational, but not rotational optic flow holds distance information. Underwater, optic flow is a valuable source of information as it is in the terrestrial habitat, however, so far, it has gained only little attention....

Sleep has been observed in several invertebrate species, but its presence in marine invertebrates is relatively unexplored. Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep has only been observed in vertebrates. We investigated whether the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis displays sleep-like states. We find that cuttlefish exhibit frequent quiescent periods that are homeostatically regulated, satisfying two criteria...