BACKGROUND In the immature developing fetal brain, amino acids (such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, and taurine) and monoamines (serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine) act as developmental signals or regulators. In subjects with Down syndrome, dysfunctional brain development is evident from birth as reduction in brain weight, as well as volume reductions in specific brain regions, and an altered ...

Abstract Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)- a neurotransmitter of both the Enteric Nervous System and Central is synthesized by hydroxylation L- tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan. has been associated with gut functions like assimilation absorption, alongside regulation particle transport fluid discharge in gastrointestinal tract its deficiency found be prominent factor prevalence disorder...

Serotonin syndrome is a neurological disorder primarily associated with inappropriate uses of serotonin (5HT)-promoting drugs such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy) (Boyer et al., 2005; Karunatilake et al., 2006; Parrott, 2002; Paruchuri et al., 2006). The primary cause of the syndrome is due to a g...

Atypical antipsychotics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been prescribed extensively, often in combination with each other. When toxic encephalopathy develops with neuromuscular and autonomic symptoms in a patient taking medication including atypical antipsychotics, it has tended to be diagnosed as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). However, there have recently been s...

Chediak-Higashi (CH) syndrome, a genetic disease affecting man and other animals, is partially characterized by defective platelets that lack serotonin and dense bodies and by impaired leukocyte function where chemotaxis, degranulation, and bacterial killing are decreased. The effects of normal platelets containing serotonin and of reagent serotonin on the subnormal microbicidal activity of CH ...

Platelets from two probands homozygous for the Chediak-Higashi syndrome have approximately 10% of the normal number of serotonin-containing dense bodies as visualized electron microscopically in air-dried whole mounts. Since transport of serotonin across the platelet plasma membrane proceeds at a normal rate, and the few dense bodies present appear to store normal amounts of serotonin, the abse...

A 40-year-old woman with bipolar disorder who was taking mirtazapine presented with mydriasis, abnormal diaphoresis, myoclonus and muscle rigidity after taking metocloplamide. Her medical history, which included the use of serotonergic agents, and the presence of symptoms including myoclonus and muscle rigidity were consistent with a diagnosis of serotonin syndrome (SS) according to the Hunter ...

The serotonin syndrome has been described only in rare instances for electroconvulsive therapy combined with an antidepressant medication. We describe a case of serotonin toxicity induced by electroconvulsive therapy in combination with fluoxetine.

The Psychiatric Consultation Service at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) sees medical and surgical inpatients with comorbid psychiatric symptoms and conditions. Such consultations require the integration of medical and psychiatric knowledge. During their twice-weekly rounds, Dr Stern and other members of the Consultation Service discuss the diagnosis and management of conditions confronted....

Abstract Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition, and it caused by increasing serotonergic activities. It an underdiagnosed under-reported condition. Clinical manifestations can range from mild to moderate severe symptoms. The intensity of symptoms reflects the degree serotonin toxicity, easily overlooked physicians. Severe toxicity typically occurs combinat...