Background: To evaluate the acute kidney injury (AKI) predictors and their predictive performance during mannitol infusion, impact of AKI on in-hospital mortality neurocritically ill patients.Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study patients who were admitted at tertiary university hospital, Seoul, Republic Korea, neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2013 to Decemb...

SCAGLIONE, PETER R., RALPH B. DELL, AND ROBERT W. WINTERS. Lactate concentration in the medulla of rat kidney. Am. J. Physiol. 2og(6) : I 193-r 198. 1 g65.-In vitro studies by others have shown that the inner medulla of the mammalian kidney, site of the countercurrent system for urine concentration, is a tissue capable of supporting anaerobic glycolysis at high ambient osmolalities. In vivo, th...

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI), characterized by polydipsia and polyuria due to vasopressin deficiency, is familial, idiopathic or secondary. Idiopathic CDI, which accounts for 10% to 30% of cases of CDI (1), is characterized by selective hypofunction of the hypothalamic–neurohypophysial system. Idiopathic CDI could be an autoimmune disorder (2). Imura et al. (3) studied the processes of idio...

Water intake occurs following a period of high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) due to sensations of thirst yet this does not always appear to be caused by body water losses. Thu.s, the aim was to assess voluntary water intake following HIIE. Ten healthy males (22 ± 2 y, 75.6 ± 6.9 kg, VO2(peak) 57.3 ± 11.4 m · kg(-1) · min(-1); mean ± SD) completed two trials (7-14 d apart). Subjects sat...

AIMS To study the incidence, investigation, and management of severe hyponatraemia (serum sodium < 120 mmol/litre) over a period of six months in a district general hospital. METHODS The laboratory computer was used to identify all inpatients who had a serum sodium concentration of less than 120 mmol/litre over a six month period. The records of these patients were reviewed for the relevant d...

OBJECTIVE To determine clinical and biochemical factors influencing cerebral edema formation during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children. STUDY DESIGN We used magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging to quantify edema formation. We measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of brain water during and after DKA treatment in 26 children and correlated ADC changes with clinical and...

Normative values and confidence intervals for the hydration indices of women do not exist. Also, few publications have precisely described the fluid types and volumes that women consume. This investigation computed seven numerical reference categories for widely used hydration biomarkers (eg, serum and urine osmolality) and the dietary fluid preferences of self-reported healthy, active women. P...

Hypotonic hyponatremia by primary polydipsia can cause severe neurologic complications due to cerebral edema. A 10-year-and-4-month-old boy with a psychiatric history of intellectual disability and behavioral disorders who presented with chief complaints of seizure and mental change showed severe hypotonic hyponatremia with low urine osmolality (serum sodium, 101 mmol/L; serum osmolality, 215 m...

The purpose of this study was to examine protein expression of renal aquaporins (AQP) and ion transporters in hypothyroid (HT) rats in response to an oral water load compared with controls (CTL) and HT rats replaced with l-thyroxine (HT+T). Hypothyroidism was induced by aminotriazole administration for 10 wk. Body weight, water intake, urine output, solute and urea excretion, and serum and urin...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate oral N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients at low to moderate risk undergoing cardiac catheterisation with ionic low osmolality contrast medium. METHODS In a multicentre double blind clinical trial 156 patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention with serum creatinine > or = 106.08 micromol/...