in the second half of the 2nd/8th century, the ismā‘īlī sect, who believed in the imamate of ismā‘īl, the second son of imam ja‘far al-ṣādiq (a.s.), was formed. the ismā‘īlīs brought up specific views concerning imamate. from their point of view, the world of being can not survive a moment without the existence of an imam and that mankind is always in need of a teacher, leader, and infallible i...

the continuous degradation of the marine ecosystem leads to the establishment of marine protected areas (mpas) as a protective measure. because of the wide array of benefits that can be gained upon its establishment, socio-economic contributions were taken into consideration using a descriptive survey method of research among the seven mpas in lingayen gulf. data revealed that members of the fi...

In a continuing effort to provide a solution, engineers in the Construction and Technology Division (C&T) of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) are studying alternative bridge deck designs. C&T engineers are six years into a study which could eventually save Michigan motorists a considerable amount of tax dollars. The study compares the performance of isotropic bridge decks with d...

This study investigated the acquisition of grammatical aspect by Iranian EFL learners. The main question addressed in this study was whether Iranian EFL learners could distinguish conditions under which they must use either the perfective aspect  or imperfective aspect. A group of 110 adult, Persian-Speaking learners of English both at BA and MA levels Took a Michigan test based on which they w...

background: guidelines recommend that exercise training can be considered for medically stable outpatients with heart failure; thus, this study sought to determine the effect of exercise on quality of life in patients with heart failure. patients and methods : in this cross sectional study 160 patients were included and divided into 2 groups (n=80). intervention group performed the exercise (po...

www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of August 15, 2009 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/325/5942/880 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/325/5942/880/DC1 can be found...

background: coronary artery patients had a much anxiety and distress in the acute situation that this stress leads to more ischemia, re-infarction, tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. on the other hand heart disease affects person's spirituality. although findings of numerous studies revealed significant relation between spiritual well-being and stress in cardiac patients, but paradoxical...