In 2012, NIST standardized SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256, two truncated variants of SHA-512, in FIPS 180-4. These two hash functions are faster than SHA-224 and SHA-256 on 64-bit platforms, while maintaining the same hash size and claimed security level. So far, no third-party analysis of SHA-512/224 or SHA-512/256 has been published. In this work, we examine the collision resistance of step-redu...

HA 14-1 is a small-molecule Bcl-2 antagonist that promotes apoptosis in malignant cells, but its mechanism of action is not well defined. We recently reported that HA 14-1 has a half-life of only 15 min in vitro, which led us to develop a stable analog of HA 14-1 (sHA 14-1). The current study characterizes its mode of action. Because of the antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2 family proteins on the...

SHA-2 (SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512) is hash function family issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2002 and is widely used all over the world. In this work, we analyze the security of SHA-512 with respect to boomerang attack. Boomerang distinguisher on SHA-512 compression function reduced to 48 steps is proposed, with a practical complexity of 2. A prac...

In this paper, we present an efficient FPGA implementation of the SHA-3 hash function candidate Shabal [6]. Targeted at the recent Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA family, our design achieves a relatively high throughput of 2 Gbit/s at a cost of only 153 slices, yielding a throughputvs.-area ratio of 13.4 Mbit/s per slice. Our work can also be ported to Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGAs, on which it supports a throug...

Cheung Sha Wan Dermatology Clinic, 3/F West Kowloon Health Centre, 303 Cheung Sha Wan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong A 10-year-old girl had persistent asymptomatic erythematous plaques over both ankles for two years. Routine blood tests and fungal-related investigations were unremarkable. Clinical and histopathological findings suggested diagnosis of Interstitial Granulomatous Dermatitis (IGD) − a re...

The NIST run SHA-3 competition is nearing completion. Currently in its final round, the five remaining competitors are still being examined in hardware, software and for security metrics in order to select a final winner. While there have been many area and speed results reported, one such metric that does not appear to be covered in very great detail is that of power and energy measurements on...

This paper describes our Skein-512 hardware implementation. Skein is a semi-finalist in the NIST hash competition to create SHA-3, with Skein-512 being the primary submission. We compare our implementation of Skein-512 with other published hardware implementations of Skein, and with similar implementations for SHA-1 and SHA-2. We discuss four variations of our critical path to explore the throu...

Cheung Sha Wan Dermatological Clinic, 3/F, West Kowloon Health Centre, Cheung Sha Wan Government Offices, 303 Cheung Sha Wan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a rare metabolic disorder due to an inherited or acquired deficiency in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, the fifth enzyme in the haem synthesis pathway. We report a 57-year-old gentleman who presented with three mon...