Page Introduction 1 Alteration of the environment 2 Keduced sunlight 3 Shading with tall-growing plants 4 Shading with muslin tents 6 Shading with low and densely growing plants 7 Spraying and dusting 9 Soil management 10 Irrigation and fertilization 11 Page Soil management—Continued. Soil dryness and preirrigation 13 Green manuring _ 13 Green manure with lime and fertilizers.. 14 Time of plant...

In this paper we propose cycle shading and hatched cycle shading as new local shading techniques for shape assessment and visualization. Natural surface highlights are extended to not only appear in isolated parts of a surface, but to reappear throughout the surface in a regular and easy-to-control pattern. Thereby even small surface variations become visible, wherever they are located on the s...

The use of Bezier curves and Bezier triangles has been extensively explored in the field of computer graphics. The purpose of this paper is to show that Bezier triangles and curves can be used for reducing the cost of Biquadratic Phong shading. A shading algorithm has been proposed which uses quadratic Bezier triangle’s blending functions for performing quadratic interpolation of normal vector ...

Shading and mechanical stress (MS) modulate plant architecture by inducing different developmental pathways. Shading results in increased stem elongation, often reducing whole-plant mechanical stability, while MS inhibits elongation, with a concomitant increase in stability. Here, we examined how these organ-level responses are related to patterns and processes at the cellular level by exposing...

Recent increases in Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. forest density in the southwestern United States have severely reduced understory herbaceous biomass and altered understory species composition. To examine whether changes in graminoid species composition are caused by increased shading, we studied the effects of shade on leaf gas exchange, biomass, and reproductive characteristics of five gra...

One of the most successful algorithms that brought realism to the world of 3D image generation is Phong shading. It is an algorithm for smooth shading meshes of planar polygons used to represent curved surfaces. The level of realism and depth perception that can be obtained by Phong shading is attractive for 3D CAD applications and related areas. However, per pixel computation costs which were ...

Shading and classification are among the most powerful and important techniques used in volume rendering. Unfortunately, for hardware accelerated volume rendering based on OpenGL, direct classification is only supported on SGI platforms and shading could previously only be approximated inaccurately, resulting in shading artifacts mostly visible in darkening artifacts. So far, the combination of...

Humans use shading as a cue to three-dimensional form by combining low-level information about light intensity with high-level knowledge about objects and the environment. Here, we examine how cuttlefish Sepia officinalis respond to light and shadow to shade the white square (WS) feature in their body pattern. Cuttlefish display the WS in the presence of pebble-like objects, and they can shade ...