OBJECTIVE To analyze perpetrator and medical evidence collected during investigations of infant abusive head trauma (IAHT), with a view to (a) identifying cases where injuries were induced by shaking in the absence of any impact and (b) documenting the response of infant victims to a violent shaking event. METHOD A retrospective study was undertaken of IAHT cases investigated by the Queenslan...

The authors investigated the mechanisms underlying the head shaking shown by some patients with congenital nystagmus (CN). In order to improve visual function by head shaking, a patient with CN must have some visual acuity loss due to retinal image motion created by the nystagmus; an abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR); and the head shaking must be correlated with the nystagmus. The authors ...

The role of alpha-1 adrenergic mechanism in the shaking stress-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and plasma noradrenaline secretion and pressor response were investigated using conscious rats. We also studied whether or not central corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is involved in the shaking stress-induced ACTH secretion. The shaking stress caused significant elevations of plasma ...

The ontogenetic course of two cholinergically mediated central neuropharmacological effects, yawning and potentiation of head-shaking induced by D-amphetamine (5 mg/kg), was explored in developing rats. Physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg) and pilocarpine (4 mg/kg) evoke stereotyped yawning in neonatal rats, the effect declining in the middle of the second week of life. Both cholinomimetic drugs strongly ...

The shaking-B2 mutation was used to analyze synapses between haltere afferents and a flight motoneuron in adult Drosophila. We show that the electrical synapses among many neurons in the flight circuit are disrupted in shaking-B2 flies, suggesting that shaking-B expression is required for electrical synapses throughout the nervous system. In wild-type flies haltere afferents are dye-coupled to ...

BACKGROUND Despite frequent use of pedometers in interventions targeting youth PA, there is no literature that addresses the prevalence and reasons for protocol nonadherence. METHODS Adherence behaviors of early adolescents (n = 43; Meanage = 12.3 ± 1.0) in an 8-week, faith-based intervention were monitored/recorded. Students provided reasons for various aspects of protocol breach, which were...

Strong motion recordings from four seismically isolated buildings are used in time-invariant and time-variant modal identification analyses. The buildings are identified as equivalent, time-varying, linear dynamic systems characterized by their time-varying modal parameters (including fundamental-mode natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes). The identification analyses for each si...

In general, the stone pagoda structures with discontinuous surfaces are vulnerable to lateral forces and severely damaged by earthquakes. After Gyeongju earthquake in 2016 Pohang 2017, numerous were due slippage, rotation, separation of stacked stone. To evaluate seismic resistance masonry structures, we analyzed behavior using shaking table test. Shaking frequency, permanent displacement, maxi...

This application paper introduces a suite of enhancement techniques for visualizing seismic data. These techniques provide a better understanding of the underlying propagation process in the complex time-dependent seismic data. Traditional techniques using the accumulated displacement as a scalar or vector field for volume rendering fail to capture the dynamic frequency variations, which is ess...