This article considers experiments in manufacturing where the response of interest is the geometric shape of a manufactured part and the goal is to determine whether the process settings varied during the experiment affect the resulting shape of the part. An approach in practice to determine factor effects is to estimate the form error of the part—if a standard definition of the form error of i...

The efficiency of shape coding is an important problem in low-bitrate object-based video compression. Lossy contour coding methods typically include contour approximation by polygons or splines, spatial and/or temporal prediction of vertices, and entropy coding the of prediction error. In conventional contour coding schemes, however, the coding gain in the interframe mode is typically small. Th...

The electrophoretic mobility of microscopically visible particles is independent of size, shape and conductivity of the particle within the limits of the experimental error. This is valid for extreme variations in size, shape and conductivity.

The Cramer-Rao error bound provides a fundamental limit on the expected performance of a statistical estimator. The error bound depends on the general properties of the system, but not on the specific properties of the estimator or the solution. The Cramer-Rao error bound has been applied to scalarand vector-valued estimators and recently to parametric shape estimators. However, nonparametric, ...

Error di usion halftoning is a popular method of producing frequency modulated (FM) halftones. In FM halftoning the dot size and shape is xed (equal to one pixel) and the dot frequency is varied in accordance to the graylevel values of the underlying grayscale image. We generalize error di usion to produce FM halftones with user controlled dot size and shape using block quantization and a block...

Conventional error diffusion halftoning uses a causal error filter. We propose the iterative error diffusion algorithm by extending the error diffusion to accommodate noncausal error filters. We realize the importance of the phase response of the error filter in the error diffusion halftoning method, and demonstrate it using examples. Iterative error diffusion is able to realize a zero phase er...

This paper studies error characterization of the factorization method for 3-D shape and motion recovery from image sequences using matrix perturbation theory and covariance propagation for linear models. Given the 2-D projections of a set of feature points across multiple image frames and small perturbations/covariances of the feature point coordinates, first-order perturbation and covariance m...