The Irish playwright and socialist George Bernard Shaw has been of marginal concern for historians of biology because his vitalist Lamarckism has been viewed as out of step with contemporary science. However, Julian Huxley and J.B.S. Haldane were certainly of the opinion that Shaw was a man of influence in this regard and took pains to counter his views in their own attempts to engage the publi...

The Shaw family is a typical U.S. family whose members live in a suburb of a small midwestern city. Mr and Mrs Shaw have three school-aged children, work full time, and earn a combined income of $75,000. They commute to work and drive an additional seven hours per week for errands and social and school events. On average, they eat out twice each week, and on a third night Mrs Shaw picks up some...

We present an experimental study of a new surfactant-driven fingering phenomenon in a Hele-Shaw cell. First, the threshold of instability is examined and compared with the linear theory. Second, the nonlinear evolution of fingering is quantified, and steady and unsteady patterns are distinguished. A wide range of dynamical behaviour is observed from drifting and merging fingers to cusp formatio...

The state-of-the-art global constraint for bin packing is due to Shaw. We compare two linear continuous relaxations of the bin packing problem, based on the DP-flow and Arc-flow models, with the filtering of the bin packing constraint. Our experiments show that we often obtain significant improvements in runtime. The DP-flow model is a novel formulation of the problem.

Forced displacement of oil by polymer flooding in oil reservoir is one of the effective methods of enhanced (tertiary) oil recovery. A classical model of this process within Hele-Shaw approximation involves three-layer fluid in a Hele-Shaw cell having a variable viscosity fluid in the intermediate layer between oil and water. The goal here is to find an optimal viscosity profile of the intermed...

Improving the capability of land-surface process models to simulate soil moisture assists in better understanding the atmosphere-land interaction. In semi-arid regions, due to limited near-surface observational data and large errors in large-scale parameters obtained by the remote sensing method, there exist uncertainties in land surface parameters, which can cause large offsets between the sim...