While food abundance is known to limit bird populations, few studies have simultaneously examined both temporal and habitat-related variation in food abundance for ground-foraging birds. We surveyed ground-dwelling arthropods throughout the breeding season and in three forest harvest types (clearcut, selection, and shelterwood stands managed for spruce, fir and hemlock) at the Penobscot Experim...

The restoration of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem types ranging from xeric uplands to hydric flatwoods is the goal of significant management efforts in the southeastern United States. Overstory species composition across ecosystem types varies from pure longleaf to mixed species stands, with slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) becoming more predominant on hydric soils, though ...

Wildfire severity and subsequent ecological effects may be influenced by prior land management, via modification of forest structure and lingering changes in fuels. In 2002, the Hayman wildfire burned as a low to moderate-severity surface fire through a 21-year pine regeneration experiment with two overstory harvest cuttings (shelterwood, seed-tree) and two site preparations (scarified, unscari...

The Arab and literary studies dealt with many issues, including the external dialogue, dialogue is second element of elements which "a that takes place between two or more persons, based on alternation personalities within framework scene, prompted researcher to address this topic, drives event Dramatic for its development generates in recipient sense it similar reality what character possesses...

Abstract. The effect of clear-fell harvesting on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) was assessed in a Sitka spruce forest growing peaty gley organo-mineral northern England. Fluxes from the litter layer were measured monthly by closed chamber method chromatography over 4 years two mature stands, with one area harvested after first year....