Generation and evaluation of crowdsourced content is commonly treated as two separate processes, performed at different times and by two distinct groups of people: content creators and content assessors. As a result, most crowdsourcing tasks follow this template: one group of workers generates content and another group of workers evaluates it. In an educational setting, for example, content cre...

BACKGROUND Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have underlying liver disease, therefore, precise preoperative evaluation of the patient's liver function is essential for surgical decision making. METHODS We developed a grading system incorporating only two variables, namely, the serum albumin level and the indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICG R15), to assess the p...

Device modeling and simulation studies of a Cu(In1-x,Gax)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cell have been carried out. A variety of graded band-gap structures, including space charge region (SCR) grading, back surface region grading, and double grading of the CIGS absorber layer, are examined. The device physics and performance parameters for different band-gap profiles were analyzed. Based on the sim...

We define an integer graded symplectic Floer cohomology and a spectral sequence which are new invariants for monotone Lagrangian sub-manifolds and exact isotopies. Such an integer graded Floer cohomology is an integral lifting of the usual Floer-Oh cohomology with ZΣ(L) grading. As one of applications of the spectral sequence, we offer an affirmative answer to an Audin’s question for oriented, ...