Equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is a theoretical concept which describes the change in global mean surface temperature that results from sustained doubling of atmospheric CO2. Current ECS estimates range ∼1.8 to 5.6 K, reflecting uncertainties feedbacks. The lower (1,000–700 hPa) and upper (500–200 troposphere changes spatial patterns tropical sea (SST) have been proposed by recent model ...

Abstract We investigate the effect of increased longwave radiative forcing (a proxy for greenhouse gas concentration) on zonally averaged location eddy-driven jet stream in a latitude dependent, two-layer Energy Balance Model. The model includes separate terms atmospheric and surface albedos, takes into account reflections shortwave radiation between layers. introduce notion cloud factor functi...

With the increasing knowledge of shortwave radiation, it is widely used in wireless communications, radar observations, industrial manufacturing, and medical treatments. Despite of the benefits from shortwave, these wide applications expose humans to the risk of shortwave electromagnetic radiation, which is alleged to cause potential damage to biological systems. This review focused on the expo...

Intentional climate modification at a global scale – geoengineering – would probably be very risky, and perhaps even dangerous. Many negative consequences of geoengineering have already been predicted [1,2], and it is very likely that there will be unforeseen environmental consequences that may only emerge after geoengineering is enacted [3]. Indeed, I have argued previously that the net impact...

[1] An idealized global climate model is used to explore the response of the climate to a wide range of dust radiative properties and dust layer heights. The top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave forcing becomes more negative as the broadband shortwave single scattering albedo increases and the broadband shortwave asymmetry parameter decreases, but the sensitivity is highly dependent on the loc...

A new algorithm for modeling radiative transfer in inhomogeneous three-dimensional media is described. The spherical harmonics discrete ordinate method uses a spherical harmonic angular representation to reduce memory use and time computing the source function. The radiative transfer equation is integrated along discrete ordinates through a spatial grid to model the streaming of radiation. An a...

[1] The change in evaporation over the oceans in climate models is analyzed from the perspective of air‐sea turbulent fluxes of water and energy. The results challenge the view that the change in evaporation is predominantly constrained by the change in the net radiation at the surface. For fixed net radiation change, it is found that (1) robust increases in near‐surface relative humidity and (...

A collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) leads to global cooling through fast feedbacks that selectively amplify the response in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). How such cooling competes with global warming has long been a topic for speculation, but was never addressed using a climate model. Here it is shown that global cooling due to a collapsing AMOC obliterates glob...

We intercompared the cloud properties of DYnamics Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains (DYAMOND) simulation output over Atlantic Ocean. The domain averaged outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is relatively similar across models, but net shortwave at top atmosphere (NSR) shows large differences among models. models capture triple modes systems corresponding to shallow...

This study documents the Earth radiation budget as simulated by the latest version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model (CCM2). The validation of the simulated Earth radiation budget is carried out through comparison with Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) data. The study also documents the new cloud parameterization employed by CCM2. In general, the rad...