CONTEXT Scapular strengthening is thought to be an important component of the rehabilitation of patients with internal impingement. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of scapular-retractor-muscle fatigue on internal- and external-rotation-torque production in patients with internal impingement. DESIGN Case control study. SETTING Outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS 15 patients and 18 healthy ...

INTRODUCTION Suprascapular nerve neuropathy secondary to ganglion cyst impingement has increasingly been found to be a cause of shoulder pain. CLINICAL PICTURE We present 2 patients who complained of dull, poorly localised shoulder pain, which worsened with overhead activities. Magnetic resonance imaging showed ganglion cysts in the spinoglenoid notch. TREATMENT Both patients failed conserv...

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OBJECTIVE Internal impingement is a condition that occurs in athletes in which the shoulder is put in extreme abduction and external rotation during overhead movements. During this motion, the posterior fibers of the supraspinatus tendon, anterior fibers of the infraspinatus tendon, or both can get impinged between the humeral head and the posterior glenoid. The purpose of this study was to eva...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this manuscript is to review current knowledge of how muscle activation and force production contribute to shoulder kinematics in healthy subjects and persons with shoulder impingement. RESULTS: The middle and lower serratus anterior muscles produce scapular upward rotation, posterior tilting, and external rotation. Upper trapezius produces clavicular elevation and ret...

We report a randomised controlled trial to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of arthroscopic acromioplasty in the treatment of stage II shoulder impingement syndrome. A total of 140 patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups: supervised exercise programme (n = 70, exercise group) and arthroscopic acromioplasty followed by a similar exercise programme (n = 70, combin...

PURPOSE To investigate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in addition to exercise programme on shoulder function in subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). METHOD Sixty-seven patients with SAIS were randomly assigned to either a group that received laser (n = 34) or a group that received placebo Laser (n = 26). Pain, functional assessment, disability and muscle strength of s...

BACKGROUND The Close Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUES test) is a low cost shoulder functional test that could be considered as a complementary and objective clinical outcome for shoulder performance evaluation. However, its reliability was tested only in recreational athletes' males and there are no studies comparing scores between sedentary and active samples. The purpose w...

CONTEXT Differences in 3-dimensional (3D) scapular motion have been reported between healthy baseball position players and healthy nonoverhead athletic controls, as well as players diagnosed with shoulder impingement syndrome. These alterations are theorized to be the result of adaptations due to the demands of repetitive throwing. However, comparisons between the throwing and nonthrowing shoul...