R. Quian Quiroga,* A. Kraskov, T. Kreuz, and P. Grassberger John von Neumann Institute for Computing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany Sloan-Swartz Center of Theoretical Neurobiology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany ~Received 7 March 2003; pub...

Deterministic evolutionary dynamics for games first appeared in the mathematical biology literature, where Taylor and Jonker (1978) introduced the replicator dynamic to provide an explicitly dynamic foundation for the static evolutionary stability concept of Maynard Smith and Price (1973) (see the entry on “Evolutionarily Stable Strategies” in this dictionary). But one can find precursors to th...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The understanding, occasionally recognized, that Sigmund Freud had the intuition to use cocaine as local anesthetic for surgical procedures, or even that he played any role in the discovery of local anesthesia is not true. The objective of Freud's studies were different, and based in irrefutable evidence, Karl Köller was the real inventor of local anesthesia. In face of...

morrison’s song of solomon could be viewed as a paragon of trauma fiction. since no narrative of trauma can be told in a linear way, morrison tries to depict the overwhelming power of trauma through a non-linear narrative, episodic delivery, and flashbacks. accordingly, the readers are compelled to concoct the disjointed and fragmented memories in order to solve the riddle of the text, in which...