Context:In this review, we discuss empirical and stoichiometric models, which have been developed recently in SSF processes and the influence of environmental conditions on the variables of these models. Additionally, new studies on modeling of product formation are also mentioned. <span style="color: windowtext...

Abstract. For an (ǫ,Γ)-color-commutative associative algebra A with an identity element over a field F of characteristic not 2, and for a color-commutative subalgebraD of color-derivations of A, denote by A[D] the associative subalgebra of End(A) generated by A (regarding as operators on A via left multiplication) and D. It is easily proved that, as an associative algebra, A[D] is Γgraded simpl...

In image processing, color is generally treated as an autonomous entity that is separate from spatial dimensions. Consequently, color processing and color mapping are predominantly done as point operations, linking one color to another, without considering spatially neighboring colors. It is well known that this pointwise approach does not capture the spatial dependencies of color that we human...

We show that color confinement is a direct result of the nonabelian, i.e. nonlinear, nature of the color interaction in quantum chromodynamics. This makes it in general impossible to describe the color field as a collection of elementary quanta (gluons). A quark cannot be an elementary quanta of the quark field, as the color field of which it is the source is itself a source hence making isolat...

In this article we compare two workflows for spectral color reproduction : colorant separation (CS) followed by halftoning by scalar error diffusion (SED) of its resulting multi-colorant channel image and a second workflow by spectral vector error diffusion (sVED). Identical filters are used in both SED and sVED to diffuse the error. Gamut mapping is performed as pre-processing and the reproduc...

The volume of CCA treated wood being disposed of in landfills is growing at an alarming rate. In order to reduce the demand on landfills and timber harvest, more environmentally responsible alternatives for spent CCA treated wood have to be addressed. The objective of this study was to determine feasible products that can be produced from CCA treated wood. Several products were produced from CC...

Although pallet, as a tool, yields signifi cant and widely recognized economic eff ects in production and distribution systems, it is still not fully utilized, indicating that it needs to be defi ned and developed as a specifi c product. Euro pallet product was designed using PRO/ENGINEER software system CAD module, as one of the most popular CAx systems, yielding a pallet of novel modular desi...

In this paper we describe a functioning prototype of a simple low cost system which we have constructed and can perform a simple color blob tracking task at 16.7 frames per second. This system utilizes a low cost CMOS color camera module which eliminates the need for a separate frame grabber and all processing is performed by a high speed, low cost microcontroller. The resulting system makes it...

Observers were required to search for and find a target stimulus that differed from distractor stimuli only in chromaticity. Pairs of target and distractor colors were chosen so that in some conditions the two members of a pair differed in hue, in saturation, or in both hue and saturation. For each type of condition, a number of pairs of colors representing varying degrees of perceptual differe...