Research activity in the area of wireless sensor networks(WSNs) has grown dramatically in the past few years, driven by advances in miniaturized hardware, and motivated by a vast array of potential applications. Typical scenarios for large-scale WSNs contain multiple sources and multiple sinks. In WSNs, energy is the most critical resource constraint and the lifetime of a WSNs is dependent on l...

Routing protocols play crucial role in determining performance parameters such as packet delivery fraction, end to end (end 2 end) delay, packet loss etc. of any ad hoc communication network. In this paper the performance of DSDV protocol in sensor network of randomly distributed static nodes with mobile source and sink nodes is investigated for source and sink velocities 0,10,20,40 and 60 m/se...

This paper demonstrates the advantages of using controlled mobility in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for increasing their lifetime, i.e., the period of time the network is able to provide its intended functionalities. More specifically, for WSNs that comprise a large number of statically placed sensor nodes transmitting data to a collection point (the sink), we show that by controlling the si...

Use of mobile devices for data collection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has recently drawn much attention. Controlled sink mobility has been shown to be beneficial in energy conservation and lifetime prolongation. In this paper, we aim at studying the multi-hop uneven hierarchical routing protocol (MUHRP) using different mobile sink strategies. We first analyze the performance of multi-hop...

Geographic routing for wireless sensor networks requires a source that can encapsulate the location of a sink in each data packet. How a source can obtain the location of a sink with low overhead is a difficult issue. This letter proposes a Quorum Based Sink Location Service (QSLS) which can be exploited by most geographic routing protocols in arbitrary irregular wireless sensor networks. key w...

It is interesting to know in details about the source-sink relationships in soybean. Here, it was tried to elaborate the source and sink concepts and the dependence to each other. It is important to know the relationships perspective to productivity of soybean. As the soybean yield is not high enough, it is of special interest. Changes in leaf photosynthesis with the variation of source and env...