This study examined the transduction pathways activated by epinephrine in the pacemaker region of the toad heart. Recordings of membrane potential, force, and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) were made from arrested toad sinus venosus. Sympathetic nerve stimulation activated non-alpha-, non-beta-adrenoceptors to evoke a membrane depolarization and a transient increase in [Ca(2+)...

The developmental appearance and spatial distribution pattern of gap junctions were studied in prenatal and adult rat hearts. Gap junctions were visualized immunohistochemically with an antibody raised against a unique cytoplasmic epitope of connexin43, and the spatial distribution pattern was determined by three-dimensional reconstruction. The results demonstrate that from embryonic day 13 onw...

The study was designed to investigate the gross morphometric of heart of farmed African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Maiduguri, Nigeria. The total of twenty fish comprises of both male and female were used for this study, the average weight of fish were 980 g, average length of fish were 42 cm, average weight of heart were 1.3 gm and average length of heart were 2.6 cm. Grossly the heart wer...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Minimally invasive approaches in less-complex cardiac procedures can avoid unpleasant cosmetic results. Moreover, surgery can be scheduled in younger patients. In previous papers, we compared submammary and midline sternotomy. We present our initial experience with an axillary, compared to submammary, approach to repair atrial septal defects under extracorporeal circ...

We report a case of a 41-year-old Indian man who initially underwent an emergency coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) after presenting with an anterolateral myocardial infarction.Post-operatively he developed progressively worsening symptoms of right heart failure with increasing abdominal distension and lower limb swelling. Clinically, the patient was in NYHA class 4 heart failure.H...

ostium secundum type; sinus venosus type occurring high in the septum miear the orifice of the superior vena cava, commonly associated with anomabus pulmonary venous drainage; and ostium primum type which is frequently associated with a partial or complete cleft in the antero-medial leaflet of the mitral valve and possibly also in the medial cleft of the tricuspi(l valve. In our department, 75 ...

In the embryonic heart, the primitive atrium is considered to receive the bilateral sinus horns including the upper terminal of the inferior vena cava (IVC). To reveal topographical anatomy of the embryonic venous pole of the heart, we examined horizontal serial paraffin sections of 15 human embryos with crown-rump length 9-31 mm, corresponding to a gestational age of 6-7 weeks or Carnegie stag...

An electrophysiological study was performed on a 39-year-old woman with recurrent palpitations. She initially presented in 1985 with atrial fibrillation, ventricular preexcitation, and a rapid ventricular response. At that time, she underwent open heart surgery, and mapping demonstrated multiple posteroseptal and left free wall accessory pathways. Accessory pathway conduction was abolished surg...