The effect of soil moisture on chlorine (Cl2) deposition was examined in laboratory chamber experiments at high Cl2 exposures by measuring the concentration of chloride (Cl−) in soil columns. Soil mixtures with varying amounts of clay, sand, and organic matter and with moisture contents up to 20% (w/w) were exposed to ≈3 × 104 ppm Cl2 vapor. For low water content soils, additional water increas...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma affecting billions of people globally. Since information on its prevalence in general population is mandatory for formulating effective policies, this population based serological survey was conducted in Sistan and Baluchistan, where no previous epidemiological data were available. ME...

This paper employs one-dimensional numerical ground response analysis models to investigate seismic response of shallow cohesive and non-cohesive soil deposits on vertical propagation of horizontal shear waves. Soil response is modelled by traditional equivalent-linear (EL) frequency-domain analysis using DEEPSOIL software and nonlinear (NL) time-domain analysis using OPENSEES software. The ana...

BACKGROUND Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Human infections often occur through manipulation of infected animals or animal carcasses. METHODS In this study, we determined the tularemia seroprevalence in butchers and slaughterhouse workers in 10 counties of Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran. RESULTS A mean seroprevalence of ...

Organic soil has a high content of water and compressibility. This paper sheds light on organic improving its shear resistance through the use stone columns to strengthen reduce precipitation. Four crushed concrete were used after mixing them with 9% sodium silicate, this ratio was chosen several laboratory tests determine ideal ratio. The curing period gives highest compressive strength for mi...

Land application of wastewater is a common practice. However, coarse-textured soils and shallow groundwater in Florida present favorable conditions for leaching of wastewater-applied constituents. Our objective in this study was to determine phosphorus (P) and associated cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na) leaching in a Spodosol irrigated with tomato packinghouse wastewater. We packed 12 polyvinyl chloride...

This paper presents the compressibility of tropical peat reinforced with cylindrical cement columns. When a cement column is installed vertically in peat, its compressibility is reduced because of the hardened skeleton matrix formed by cement particles bonding with adjacent soil particles in the presence of pore water. The effects of the cement column diameter on the compressibility have been i...

The prospect of using wastewater containing high loads of soluble organic matter (OM) for removing residual agricultural chemicals (fertilizer, pesticide, or herbicide) in farm soil, although promising, could have adverse effects on soil agricultural quality as a result of development of redoximorphic features in the soil profile. In this study, the effect of organic carbon supplement for biore...

The present study investigates how advice writers employ move sequences and modal verbs to achieve intended discourse functions. This paper aims to testify two research hypotheses: 1. Advice writers of different topics employ different moves and modal verbs to achieve discourse function, and 2. The differences may imply writers’ intentions, emotion and expectancy of effects on the readers to in...